Health hazard classes

The following classification proposal draws on the GHS criteria. The document includes both brief statements about the proposal for each health hazard class and details of all the available scientific evidence. 

Health NFPA 704 recognizes essentially three basic hazard classes, health, reactivity, and fire. In general, the health hazard class refers to the capacity of a material to cause ii jury from contact with or absorption into the body. In this classification scheme, only the health hazard arising out of an inherent property of the material is considered. Iiyury fix>m the heat of a fire or... 

Hazard Not Otherwise Classified (HNOC) Means an adverse physical or health effect identified through evaluation of scientific evidence during the classification process that does not meet the specified criteria for the physical and health hazard classes addressed in the HCS. 

The eleven health hazard classes and their category rating systems are reproduced in Table 6.2.1.1. As a reminder, we note that the hazard categories (HCs) are designed so that most hazardous substances have low HC values and the least hazardous substances have the higher HC values. 

Hazard not otherwise classified (HNOC) means an adverse physical or health effect identified through evaluation of scientific evidence during the classification process that does not meet the specified criteria for the physical and health hazard classes addressed in this section. This does not extend coverage to adverse physical and health effects for which there is a hazard class addressed in this section, but the effect either falls below the cut-off value/concentration limit of the hazard class or is under a GHS hazard category that has not been adopted by OSH A (e.g., acute toxicity Category 5). 

Health hazard classes gather eight items ... 

On the basis of these differences in species response it was concluded that phthalates do not pose a significant health hazard to humans. This view is home out by the EU Commission decision of July 25, 1990 which states that DEHP shall not be classified or labeled as a carcinogenic or an irritant substance (42). This has been reaffirmed in a comprehensive review (43) which concludes that "peroxisome proliferators constitute a discrete class of nongenotoxic rodent hepatocarcinogens and that the relevance of thek hepatocarcinogenic effects for human hazard assessment is considered to be negligible."... 

There is a health benefit associated with hindering hydrogen bonding. Alkylphenols as a class are generally regarded as corrosive health hazards, but this corrosivity is eliminated when the hydroxyl group is flanked by bulky substituents in the ortho positions. In fact, hindered phenols as a class of compounds are utilized as antioxidants in plastics with FDA approval for indirect food contact. 

CLASS B POISON (usa) Any substance known to be so toxic that it poses a severe health hazard during transportation. 

GHB has been used both for legitimate clinical and chnical research purposes and for a range of iUicit purposes. It was marketed legally in the United States until 1990, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned its sale to consumers. Except for the one indication described later in this section, GHB is a Schedule I controlled substance without other FDA-approved indications. The FDA has also declared y-butyrolactone (GBL) as a List I chemical and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) as a Class I health hazard, practically designating these GHB precursors, which are also industrial solvents, as illicit and unapproved new drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2000). 

The pharmacology and toxicology of certain economic poisons have been developed to a degree which surpasses investigations of any other class of nonmedicinal compounds. In certain instances more is known concerning the site and mechanism of action, the absorption, distribution, and excretion of these substances than is known concerning some of the more commonly used pharmaceutical compounds. This has come about as a result of the conscientious recognition of the public health hazards which are inherent in the economic poisons. 

Class III recalls are those that involve violations of the law, but for which a health hazard is remote. Examples in this case include insect parts or droppings in flour, the marketing of a product without an approved NDA, unacceptable disintegration or dissolution of tablets, or swollen cans of certain food products [23],... 

Whatever distinguishes asbestos fibers—their composition, structure, or other peculiar properties that may contribute to the health hazard—they need to be examined in context, as representative of a class of inorganic fibrous materials. Perhaps then the factors that initiate adverse biologic reactions, and might be responsible for the induction of disease, could be identified. 

US Environmental Protection Agency Generic Health Hazard Assessment of the Chemical Class Diisocyanates. Final Report. EPA Contract No. 68-02-3990. Washington, DC, US EPA, May 5, 1987... 

In accordance with both the old and the new European classification system teratogenic effects constitute a health hazard but a separate classification for teratogenicity is not provided. Instead, teratogens are classified as developmental toxicants, with developmental toxicity falling within the hazard class of reproductive toxicity. 

The basic idea of the CLH process is the transfer of responsibility for classification and labeling from industrial companies to authorities on a European Community level. In case of active substances in biocidal or plant protection products, all intrinsic properties including physicochemical properties, human health hazards, and environmental hazards are subject to the harmonization. By contrast, in the case of chemicals which are used in other application fields only some specific hazard classes are considered in the CLH procedure. According to Article 36 of the CLP Regulation, these are respiratory sensitization, carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity. Consequently, these provisions have... 

Despite much research and development in parasitology in the tropical countries, parasitic infections are still a major health hazard for humans and animals. For example, it has been estimated that approximately three hundred million people in the world are affected by filariasis, a disease caused by nematodes filarioidea. While this is only one type of parasitic disease, it is clearly one of the most important concerns for public health in a large geographic region. In this review, I discuss an approach to control filariasis by the use of a new class of pharmacological agents, benzimidazoles. There are... 

Asbestos constitutes several types of hydrated silicate mineral fibers. The types of asbestos, their chemical compositions, and CAS Numbers are presented in Table 3.8.1. These substances occur in nature in rocks, silicate minerals, fibrous stones, and underground mines. This class of substances exhibits unique properties of noncombustibility, high resistance to acids, and high tensile strength for which they were widely used in many products, including floor and roofing tiles, cement, textiles, ropes, wallboards, and papers. Because of the health hazards associated with excessive exposure to asbestos, the use of these substances is currently banned. 

Although Class 3 solvents have no known human health hazards at levels normally found in drug products, generally corresponding with a level of <0.5% in the API, the solvents in Class 2 need to be controlled at levels which are less, sometimes substantially less, than those allowed for Class 3 solvents. The level of Class 2... 

Chemicals should be stored according to hazard class (ex. flammables, oxidizers, health hazards/toxins, corrosives, etc.). 

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