Accident Type

The following discussion of accident types assists in determining the potential hazards for the job safety analysis. 

Struck-against. A person forcefully strikes an object. 

Contact-by. Contact by a substance or material that is by its very nature harmful and causes injury. 

Contact-with. A person comes in contact with a harmful material. 

Caught-on. A person or part of the person s clothing or equipment is caught on an object that is either moving or stationary. 

You should look at each of these basic accident types to identify procedures, processes, occupations and tasks that present a hazard to cause one of the accident types in the following section. 

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Layer of protection analysis (LOPA) is a simplified form of event tree analysis. Instead of analyzing all accident scenarios, LOPA selects a few specific scenarios as representative, or boundary, cases. LOPA uses order-of-magnitLide estimates, rather than specific data, for the frequency of initiating events and for the probability the various layers of protection will fail on demand. In many cases, the simplified results of a LOPA provide sufficient input for deciding whether additional protection is necessary to reduce the likelihood of a given accident type. LOPAs typically require only a small fraction of the effort required for detailed event tree or fault tree analysis. 

While the F-N curve is a cumulative illustration, the risk profile shows the expected frequency of accidents of a particular category or level of consequence. The diagonal line is a line of constant risk defined such that the product of expected frequency and consequence is a constant at each point along the line. " As the consequences of accidents go up, the expected frequency should go down in order for the risk to remain constant. As the example illustrates, if a portion of the histogram sticks its head up above the line (i.e., a particular type of accident contributes more than its fair share of the risk), then that risk is inconsistent with the risk presented by other accident types. (Note There is no requirement that you use a line of constant risk other more appropriate risk criteria for your application can be easily defined and displayed on the graph.)... 

In addition to assessing a fire s flame cliaracteristies to detennine tlie cause and effect of a fire, knowledge of tlie fire accident type will provide insight into its ignition source and possible fire protection and prevention methods. Electrical, chemical, and metal fires can occur in a solid, liquid, or gaseous pliase. Section 7.3 presents a detmled discussion of tliese fires and tlieir ignition sources. 

Figure 4. Proportion of the total based on accident types and deaths grade.

No. Time Place Accident type Death toll... 

Accident type The death toll The number of injured Sum of casualties Percentage of the total number of casualties of nonprofessional rescue workers (%)... 

The serial number/ type Unsafe operation behavior The accident types Occurrences (times)... 

Data for the CFOl are compiled from various federal, state, and local administrative sources, including death certificates, workers compensation reports and claims, reports to various regulatory agencies, medical examiner reports, police reports, and news reports. Source documents are matched so that each fatality is counted only once. To ensure that a fatality occurred while at work, all information is verified from two or more independent source documents or from a source document and a follow-up questionnaire. Approximately 30 data elements are collected, coded, and tabulated, including information about the worker, the fatal incident, and the machinery or equipment involved. This database does not give any descriptions of the accidents (types or causes). 

Thinking about the changes made in the second and third editions and carried over into the fourth edition, the 300 29 1 ratios present serious conceptual problems. To which types of accidents does In a unit group of 330 accidents of the same kind and occurring to the same person apply Certainly, it does not apply to some commonly cited accident types falling to a lower level, stmck by objects, and so on. Keep this point in mind as you get to understand how Heinrich defined the 300, the 29, and the 1 —discussion of which follows. 

No. Project name Form of retaining structure Excavation method Support form Excavation depths Accident type Accident cause Casualty Additional investment... 

As shown in Table 2, in all kinds of accident types, local instabihty and overall instabihty accounted for the largest proportion, respectively is 37% and 23% followed by piping erosion and leakage of retaining structure. The outcome is connected with the district the foundation... 

Table 2. Accident type distribution list of foundation pit.

A comprehensive group of probable accident types has been reviewed, and appropriate procedures have been incorporated into the Emergency Preparedness Master Plan for SNL/NM (SNL 1993b). 

There was no bias related to accident types both major accidents and injuries were discussed. Examples of dangers were gas emissions, oil spills and the potential of major accidents in addition to HSE. 

ACAS (Airborne Colhsion Avoidance System) is a collision alerting system in regular use on fixed-wing aircraft. For hehcopters, only ACAS I is used in Norway, but ftirther developments are expected. Mid-air coUision is the accident type with the highest consequence in terms of loss of hves. 

Figure 11. Lethality of accident types (percentage of persons on board killed.

Waterborne transportation of hazardous material has potential risk of endangering environment as well as loss of property and lives. Fire and explosion accidents are of particular importance since statistics show that these accident types generally lead to large damage to ships, thus incurring severe consequences especially to the environment. 

There is a significant number of other accident types in coastal engineering. Analysis of these accidents shows no major trend towards any particular hazard. However, it appears that there is a wider range of accident types than in general construction and this could be as a result of an unfamiliar environment. 

A description of the occurrences directly related to the source of injury classification and explaining how that source produced the injury. Accident type answers the question How did the injured person come in contact with the object, substance, or exposure named as the source of injury, or during what personal movement did the bodily injury occur ... 

Manning, D.P. Indnstrial accident-type classifications—A stndy of the theory and practice of accident prevention based on a compnter analysis of industrial injnry records. MD thesis, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K., 1971. 

Incident—Contact. An undesired event that could or does make contact with a source of energy above the threshold limit of body or structure (Bird and Loftus, 1976). The categories of contact incident events are often represented by the 11 accident types. The... 

Self sufficiency (h) Depends on accident type Safety graded Y (Emergency and Gravity Supply)... 

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