Irritation of Skin and Mucous Membrane

B. Spills cause acute high-dose exposures. The symptoms are referable to an acute high exposure to an organochlorine or pyrethroid insecticide. While organochlorine pesticides are not used in this country, they are manufactured for export. An acute high exposure to herbicide would be primarily irritation of skin and mucous membranes. The solvents in printing ink would cause CNS depression. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 5.1 Label Oxidizer SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion. Can cause severe irritation of skin and mucous membranes and emit fumes capable of causing pulmonary edema. Mutation data reported. A powerful oxidizer. 

Caution Irritation of skin and mucous membranes has been reported Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. R. E. Gosselin et al. Eds. (Williams St Wilkins, Baltimore 5th Ed., 1984) Section II, p 313. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS irritation of skin and mucous membranes dermatitis rhinitis pharyngitis conjunctivitis skin lesions hyper-pigmentation gangrene of the extremities vascular lesions exfoliation herpes appearance of small corns or warts increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer lung cancer bladder and liver cancer tumors of mouth, esophagus, larynx, bladder, para nasal sinus liver or kidney damage lower than normal birth weights. 

HEALTH SYMPTOMS inhalation (irritates skin, eyes, and respiratory system) skin absorption (combines with sweat to produce highly irritating alkaline solution and burning sensation) contact (severe irritation of skin and mucous membranes). 

Reactive diluents and low molecular mass aliphatic epoxy resins are of low viscosity, show a noticeable vapor pressure and have to be handled with care. These substances produce medium to strong irritation of skin and mucous membranes they are also sensitizers and can cause skin disorders. 

Symptoms of Exposure May cause irritation of skin and mucous membranes and renal damage. 

The oil is considered as very toxic. Toxic effects include irritation of skin and mucous membranes, vomiting, headache, vertigo,... 

Toxicity of Chlorine Sanitizers. Chlorine-based swimming-pool and spa and hot-tub sanitizers irritate eyes, skin, and mucous membranes and must be handled with extreme care. The toxicities are as follows for chlorine gas, TLV = 1 ppm acute inhalation LC q = 137 ppm for 1 h (mouse) (75). The acute oral LD q (rats) for the Hquid and soHd chlorine sanitizers are NaOCl (100% basis) 8.9 g/kg (76), 65% Ca(OCl)2 850 mg/kg, sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate 735 mg/kg, and trichloroisocyanuric acid 490 mg/kg. Cyanuric acid is essentially nontoxic based on an oral LD q > 20 g/kg in rabbits. Although, it is mildly irritating to the eye, it is not a skin irritant. A review of the toxicological studies on cyanuric acid and its chlorinated derivatives is given in ref. 77. 

Chloroformates, especially those of low molecular weight, are lachrimators, vesicants, and produce effects similar to those of hydrogen chloride or carboxyhc acid chlorides. They can also irritate the skin and mucous membranes, producing severe bums and possible irreversible tissue damage. 

Health and Safety. Eree phenols may be present in phenoHc novolacs and resoles. Phenol [108-95-2] is poisonous and caustic, irritating the skin and mucous membranes. Eormaldehyde and ammonia [7764-41-7] are often emitted during the cure of novolacs and must be properly vented. Eormaldehyde is Hsted as a human carcinogen worker exposure and emissions are controUed by OSHA and the EPA. 

Phloroglucinol (1,3,5-Trihydroxy benzene, 1,3,5-Trioxy-benzol in Ger). C6H3(OH)3,mw 126.11, white to yellowish crysts mp 200—209° when heated slowly 212—217° when heated rapidly bp, sublimes with decompn. SI sol in w, sol in ale and eth. Combustible. Can be prepd by fusion of resorcinol with caustic soda, or by reduction of trinitrobenzene. It is highly toxic. by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption, and is a strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes Refs 1) Beil 6,1092, (545) [1075]... 

To summarize the results of the two discussed chapters it has been demonstrated that organic pigments exhibit very high LD50 values and only rarely cause irritations of skin or mucous membranes. 

Symptoms of exposure Narcotic and irritant to skin and mucous membranes. Exposure to high concentrations may cause intoxication, respiratory arrest, and death (Patnaik, 1992). 

Symptoms of exposure Irritates, eye, skin, and mucous membranes. Narcotic at high concentrations (Patnaik, 1992). An irritation concentration of 430.00 mg/m in air was reported for uninhibited styrene (Ruth, 1986). 

Lindane is the active y-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane. It also exerts a neurotoxic action on insects (as well as humans). Irritation of skin or mucous membranes may occur after topical use. Lindane is active also against intrader-mal mites (Sarcoptes scabiei, causative agent of scabies), besides lice and fleas. It is more readily degraded than DDT. 

Accidental human exposures have resulted in eye irritation, choking sensation, chest pain, dyspnea, lethargy, nausea, and skin irritation. On the basis of the results of exposure in dogs, the effects expected in humans from exposure for 60 minutes are 100 ppm, irritation of eyes and mucous membranes 2 00 ppm, marked central nervous system stimulation and perhaps death 900 ppm, convulsions and death. Impairment of liver function (elevated SGPT levels) has been reported in 47 of 1193 workers exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine under vari-... 

All chloral derivatives are similar with respect to their therapeutic effects as they are all converted to the same active intermediate. They irritate the skin and mucous membranes and should therefore not be taken on an empty stomach. They are widely distributed throughout the body. In therapeutic doses there is little effect on respiration and blood pressure. In patients with hepatic or renal impairment chloral derivatives are contraindicated. They have no analgesic activity of any importance. The undesirable CNS effects of these drugs are light headiness, malaise, nightmares and ataxia. 

Miconazole (Monistat) is a broad-spectrum imidazole antifungal agent used in the topical treatment of cutaneous dermatophyte infections and mucous membrane Candida infections, such as vaginitis. Minimal absorption occurs from skin or mucous membrane surfaces. Local irritation to skin and mucous membranes can occur with topical use headaches, urticaria, and abdominal cramping have been reported with treatment for vagiiutis. 

Irritating to skin and mucous membranes narcotic in high concentrations.1 It has been implicated as a cause of male sterility in factory workers.3 May cause diminished renal function and cirrhosis of the liver.4 Animal carcinogen. Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.3-5 LD50 (oral, rat) 0.17 g/kg.1... 

Toxicity O-Nitrotoluene causes adverse effects to animals and humans. Acute and chronic exposure causes irritation to skin and mucous membranes, hypoxia, anemia, and depression in workers.86 More reports are available regarding the genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive effects of O-Nitrotoluene in experimental animals.87,88... 

This starting material is prepared in three steps from commercially available (from Research Organic/Inorganic Chemical Corp., Belleville, NJ) 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid according to well-established procedures that have been applied to similar compounds. First, 16.0 g (88.8 mmol) of the acid, recrystallized from chloroform, is dissolved in 50 mL of tetra-hydrofuran, and the solution is added to a suspension of 5.98 g (158 mmol) of lithium aluminum hydride powder in 225 ml of distilled diethyl ether (Note 3) at 0°C. [Caution Lithium aluminum hydride ie very sensitive to mechanical shock, and very reactive towards moisture and other protic substances its dust is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes. It should not be allowed to come into contact with metallic species or apparatus, including metal... 

The Gay-Lussac s law Sample Problem in this section indicates how carefully gases under pressure must be handled. Chlorine gas can cause serious respiratory problems and irritate the skin and mucous membranes. In extreme cases, death from suffocation could result from exposure to this gas. Yet chlorine is an important industrial product. Compounds of chlorine are used in bleaches, oxidizing agents, and solvents, and as intermediates in the manufacture of other substances. 

Caution Lithium aluminum hydride is sensitive to mechanical shock and very reactive towards moisture and other protic substances its dust is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes. It should not be allowed to come into contact with metallic species or apparatus, including metal spatulas, because of the potential danger of metal ion-promoted detonation. 

SYN 2-PROPENE-l-THIOL SAFETY PROFILE Poison by inhalation and ingestion. Strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of SOx. Vet " dangerous fire hazard. To fight fire, use water mist or spray, alcohol foam, CO2, or dry chemical. See also ALLYL COMPOUNDS and MERCAPTANS. 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Probably an irritant to skin and mucous membranes. Dangerous fire hazard a powerful oxidizer. Store in a cool place away from fire hazards, sparks, open flames, and out of the direct rays of the sun. Dangerous explosion hazard this material may explode by heat (over 38°) or contamination. Any contaminant that acts as an accelerator to the polymerization or decomposition of this material can cause an explosion. Heat or contact with certain fumes or mists can cause it to explode. To fight small fires, use CO2 or foam extinguishers. Water spray or mist may also be used. Dry chemical is effective. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cr. See also PEROXIDES, ORGANIC. 

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