Strong irritants

Caro s acid is highly corrosive and a powerfiil oxidant. Its acidic properties are similar to those of sulfuric acid of equivalent strength. A strong irritant, it is toxic and should always be handled accordingly. No specific toxicological data are available. 

The concentration of inorganic and organic chloramines in pool water is controlled by superchlorination or shock treatment. Because chloramines are decomposed by sunlight, their effects are more noticeable in indoor pools or spas. Nitrogen trichloride, the primary volatile chloramine, is a strong irritant similar to chlorine. Its effect is noticeable at >0.5 mg/m (>0.1 ppm) (73). The concentration of NCl depends on the extent of ventilation and typically varies from 0.2 to 0.5 mg /m (0.04 to 0.1 ppm) (74). 

Vapors of both benzal chloride and benzotrichloride are strongly irritating and lacrimatory. Reported toxicides appear in Table 3. Also, for benzotnchlonde, the lowest pubflshed lethal dose (frog) is 2150 mg/kg (69) and the toxic dose level (inhalation rats) is 125 ppm/4 h (69). 

Hydrogen fluoride Catalyst in some petroleum refining, etching glass, silicate extraction by-product in electrolytic production of aluminum Petroleum, primary metals, aluminum Strong irritant and corrosive action on all body tissue damage to citrus plants, effect on teeth and bones of cattle from eating plants... 

Arnold Press 1966]. It can exists in five crystalline forms and is steam volatile. It is a strong IRRITANT to skin and mucous membranes and can become a chronic irritant— handle with CARE. 

Cyanogen chloride (Chlorine cyanide) CNCI Poisonous liquid or gas Vapour highly irritating and very toxic Colourless liquid with a strong irritating smell Boiling point 1 3°C Vapour density 2.1... 

These methods are the simplest, cheapest, and practically most accessible for airflow visualization. They are sold in the form of small glass tubes or plastic bottles through which air is pumped manually. Time for use of one unit is typically one hour or up to one day. One drawback of these two principles is the fact that the emitted smoke is strongly irritating if inhaled and also corrosive. Therefore, they must be used with some care, but this will normally not lead to any major re strictions. Another limitation is the low amount of smoke that is emitted. 

Note The dipping reagent is to be preferred because of the strongly irritating effects of formaldehyde on the respiratory tract. Detection limits of ca. 10—40 ng have been reported for alkaloids [4] and 50 ng — 1 pg for -blockers [2, 3]. 

Metaldehyde is flammable and a dangerous fire risk. It is highly toxic and a strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes (Refs 3 4). 

The aq soln is a v strong oxidizing agent and a strong irritant. The compd is highly toxic by inhalation. ... 

K percarbonate is highly toxic, and a strong irritant to tissue. It is also a fire risk in contact with organic materials (Refs 4 5)... 

Phloroglucinol (1,3,5-Trihydroxy benzene, 1,3,5-Trioxy-benzol in Ger). C6H3(OH)3,mw 126.11, white to yellowish crysts mp 200—209° when heated slowly 212—217° when heated rapidly bp, sublimes with decompn. SI sol in w, sol in ale and eth. Combustible. Can be prepd by fusion of resorcinol with caustic soda, or by reduction of trinitrobenzene. It is highly toxic. by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption, and is a strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes Refs 1) Beil 6,1092, (545) [1075]... 

Phosphine is highly toxic by inhalation and is a strong irritant. Tolerance 0.3ppm in air (Refs 10 11)... 

P oxychloride is highly toxic by inhalation and ingestion, and a strong irritant to skin and tissue (Refs 14 15)... 

The strong irritation potential of the C12 alkyl chain has been demonstrated in volunteers and by different methods [375-377]. 

In addition to okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 (i.e., 35-methylokadaic acid), 7-0-palmitoyl-okadaic acid, and pectenotoxin 2 are reported to be diarrhetic toxins from shellfish 34). Application of 1 xg of dinophysistoxin-1 to mouse ear caused as strong irritation as the same dose of okadaic acid. Interestingly, the potencies of these compounds in the irritant test on mouse ear correlated well with their potencies as diarrhetic shellfish poisons. Dinophysistoxin-1 induced ODC activity as strongly as okadaic acid. Recently, we found that dinophysistoxin-1 is also a new non-TPA type tumor promoter with as high activity as okadaic acid 35). 

It is best to consider every reaction as potentially dangerous and every compound as potentially hazardous (or at least a strong irritant) to avoid injury or damage to health. 

The LLNA is the preferred method when compared to the GPMT because (a) it can equivalently predict human contact dermatitis, (b) a dose-response can be obtained, and (c) it is in line with current animal welfare efforts. Nevertheless, several situations exist where the GPMT is advantageous, depending predominantly on the choice of test substances. The LLNA is known for less powerful detection of the sensitization potential of metallic compounds, high molecular weight proteins, strong irritants, and for substances with low adhesion to the skin surface (skin wettability is a prerequisite for the successful application of LLNA) [136-140],... 

Symptoms of exposure Strong irritant to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Eye contact may cause corneal damage (Patnaik, 1992). 

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