Mucous membrane irritation

PPS dust should be treated as a nuisance particulate. The OSHA permissible exposure limit for respirable dust is 5 mg/m for dust containing no asbestos and less than 1% siUca. The principal decomposition products released during mol ding of PPS and their permissible exposure limits are given in Table 10. Sulfur dioxide and carbonyl sulfide are the most significant off-gases for production of mucous membrane irritation. 

Exposure to tantalum metal dust may cause eye injury and mucous-membrane irritation. The threshold limit value (TLV) in air is 5 mg/m, LD q is <400 mg/kg and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) time weighted average (TWA) exposure limit is 5 mg/m (47). The immediate dangerous to life or health (IDLH) concentration is 2500 mg/m (48). Whereas some skin injuries from tantalum have been reported, systemic industrial poisoning is apparently unknown (47). 

AH four butanols are thought to have a generaHy low order of human toxicity (32). However, large dosages of the butanols generaHy serve as central nervous system depressants and mucous membrane irritants. Animal toxicity and irritancy data (32) are given in Table 4. 

In a broad evaluation also the sulfosuccinate disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (DLSS) was a part of a variety of surfactants tested for their dermatological mildness, and some different test methods were applied [16]. Products were compared applying in vitro methods (Zein test, hemolysis) and in vivo methods (Duhring-Chamber test, skin mildness by intracutaneous test on mice and topical application on hairless mice, mucous membrane irritation according to the Draize procedure on rabbit eyes). In the Duhring-Chamber test the DLSS elicited no reactions in the animal tests it ranged in the least irritant third of the 15 products tested. 

Hematological Effects. Routine blood parameters (hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte levels) measured in 11 hexachloroethane workers did not differ from those of the controls (Selden et al. 1994). Plasma hexachloroethane levels in these workers, who wore protective equipment, were 7.3 + 6.04 pg/L at the time of the hematological analysis and 0.08 0.14 gg/L before production resinned (Selden et al. 1993). Mild skin and mucous membrane irritation were reported in the exposed group, suggesting that exposure may have been through either the inhalation or dermal routes of exposure. 

At an industrial site, occupants complain when they experience respiratory problems, headache, fatigue, or mucous membrane irritation of their eyes, noses, mouths, and throats. 

As mentioned previously, there are no test guideline methods for respiratory irritation. Good data, often clearly related to exposure levels, can be obtained on respiratory and mucous membrane irritation, from well-designed and well-reported inhalation studies in animals. Also the Alarie test (Alarie 1973, 1981), an experimental animal test assessing the concentration that results in a 50% reduction of the breathing frequency, may provide useful information on sensory irritation of the upper respiratory tract and the results may be used for hazard identification. 

Toxieology. Acetamide is a mucous membrane irritant, a liver toxin, and a carcinogen in animals. 

There were more frequent symptoms of respiratory tract irritation and mucous membrane irritation among workers exposed during a 7-year period to average borax concentrations of 1.5mg/m compared with unexposed controls. Occasional excursions to levels of 10 mg/ m produced no functional changes in respiration, and irritation was classified as mild. 

Mild mucous membrane irritation may occur at 0.2-16 ppm eye irritation occurs at 7-8 ppm, throat irritation at 15 ppm, and cough at 30ppm. Toxic pneumonitis and pulmonary edema can be expected at 40-60 ppm. A level of 430 ppm is lethal after 30 minutes, and 1000 ppm is fatal after a few deep breaths. Other studies have shown that at least some subjects develop eye irritation, headache, and cough at concentrations as low as 1-2 ppm. 

Toxieology. Cumene is an eye and mucous membrane irritant. At high concentrations, it causes narcosis in animals it is expected that severe exposure will produce the same effect in humans. 

Animals exposed to 2100 ppm for 1-3 hours exhibited restlessness, mucous membrane irritation, and drowsiness. Rats exposed to 1500 ppm for 8 hours survived. Injection of 3 ml/kg or intragastric administration of 5 ml/ kg diacetone alcohol in rabbits caused respiratory depression, narcosis, and death. A temporary decrease in the number of erythrocytes in the blood of rats was observed for IM- days after intragastric administration of 2 ml/kg of diacetone alcohol hepatic lesions characterized by vacuolization and granulation of the parenchymal cells were noted, but recovery was complete in 7 days. ... 

Exposure of humans to dichloroacetylene in a variety of settings has caused headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, eye irritation, mucous membrane irritation, and neurological disorders, manifested as paresis and neuralgia in several cranial and cervical nerves. " In some cases the cranial nerve involvement persisted for several days to years. Extreme nausea occurred among individuals exposed to levels as low as 0.5-1.0ppm. In an early report two deaths occurred several days after dichloroacetylene exposure autopsy revealed cerebral edema. 

A truck spill in 1985 resulted in exposure of an estimated 80 people. Signs and symptoms were headache in six persons, mucous membrane irritation in five, dizziness in five, and chest discomfort in four. Eleven of 41 persons tested had slightly elevated SCOT and/or SGPT values. In 28 persons interviewed 12 weeks after exposure, complaints were headache in 12, abdominal discomfort in 6, chest discomfort in 5, and malaise in 5. In one case the diagnosis was pneumonia, based on persistent dyspnea and cough. 

Toxicology. Diepoxybutane is a mucous membrane irritant. Certain stereoisomers of diepoxybutane have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. 

In animals, ethyl mercaptan vapor causes mucous membrane irritation, narcosis, and, at near-lethal levels, by analogy to other mercap-... 

Mild eye irritation with lacrimation and other transient symptoms of mucous membrane irritation have been observed in some persons at concentrations of 0.1-0.3 ppm. For most people, however, a tingling sensation in the eyes, nose, and posterior pharynx is not experienced until 2-3 ppm.Some tolerance occurs, so that repeated 8-hour exposures at this level are possible. At 4-5 ppm irritation of mucous membranes increases and lacrimation becomes evident. This level may be tolerated by some for short periods, but after 30 minutes discomfort becomes quite pronounced. 

Exposure of humans to 900 ppm for 1 hour caused slight dizziness and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. At 2000 ppm for 1 hour, there was dizziness, mucous membrane irritation, and anesthesia 10,000 ppm caused nose and throat irritation in 2 minutes, dizziness in 4 minutes, and signs of intoxication in 4-10 minutes. At high concentrations, coma and death may result in a few minutes without any accompanying respiratory struggle or postmortem signs of anoxia. ... 

Toxicology. Hydrazine is a severe skin and mucous membrane irritant, a convulsant, a hepatotoxin, and a moderate hemolytic agent it is carcinogenic in experimental animals and is considered a possible human carcinogen. 

Toxicology. Isooctyl alcohol is a mucous membrane irritant and central nervous system depressant in animals. 

The LCso in rats was 101 ppm for 6 hours. Repeated exposure of rats to 31.3 ppm, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 12 exposures caused no signs of mucous membrane irritation. The acute dermal toxicity is low, with the dermal LDso in guinea pigs being greater than lOml/kg. 

Toxicology. In animals octane is a mucous membrane irritant, and at high concentrations it causes narcosis it is expected that severe exposure in humans will produce the same effects. 

Pentane is considered nontoxic at concentrations below its lower flammability limits (15,000ppm). Human subjects exposed to SOOOppm for 10 minutes did not experience mucous membrane irritation or other symptoms. In early reports topical application of pentane to volunteers caused painful burning sensations accompanied by itching after 5 hours, blisters formed on the exposed areas. More recent studies showed that 2.0ml applied to the skin of volunteers for 24 hours was not irritating. ... 

In workers, air concentrations of 30mg/m (5 ppm) caused conjunctivitis at 25mg/m (4 ppm), there were signs of mucous membrane irritation. Workers exposed to undetermined concentrations of mixed vapors of phthalic acid and phthalic anhydride developed, in addition to conjunctivitis, bloody nasal discharge, atrophy of the nasal mucosa, hoarseness, cough, occasional bloody sputum, bronchitis, and emphysema. Several cases of bronchial... 

Toxicology. Silicon tetrahydride is considered to be a skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. 

Toxieology. Stoddard solvent is a mild central nervous system depressant and a mucous membrane irritant. 

Toxicology. 1,1,2 -Trichloro-1,2,2 -trifluo-roethane (TCTFE) is a central nervous system depressant, a cardiac sensitizer, and a mild mucous membrane irritant. 

Toxicology. Triethylamine (TEA) causes ocular effects in humans in animals it is a skin and mucous membrane irritant. 

The LCso for rats was 3 590 ppm for 1 hour and 2150 ppm for 6 hours hyperpnea, ataxia, tremor, and convulsions were noted. Mucous membrane irritation, particularly of the eyes, and mild convulsions were observed in cats exposed to 540-720ppm for a few hours. ... 

Exposure of rats to 1600 ppm for 2 or 4 days produced mucous membrane irritation, incoordination, narcosis, weight loss, increased... 

Uses w/ cisplatin in nonresectable mesothelioma NSCLC Action Antifolate antineoplastic Dose 500 mg/m IV over 10 min q3wk hold if CrCl <45 mLAnin give w/ vit Bi2 (1000 meg IM q9wk) folic acid (350-1000 meg PO daily) start 1 wk before dexamethasone 4 mg PO bid x 3 start 1 d before each Rx Caution [D, -] w/ renal/hepatic/ BM impair Contra Component sensitivity Disp IV SE Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, N/V/D, anorexia, stomatitis, renal failure, neuropathy, fevCT, fatigue, mood changes, dyspnea, anaphylactic Rxns Interactions t Effects W/ NSAIDs, probenecid d/t decreased pemetrexed EMS Monitor for S/Sxs of Infxn OD May cause profound BM suppression, mucous membrane irritation, D, and rash symptomatic and supportive... 

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