Industrial oils pour point

Branched-chain acids have a wide variety of industrial uses as paint driers (7), vinyl stabilizers (8), and cosmetic products (9). Cobalt and manganese salts of 2-ethyIhexanoic acid and neodecanoic acid are used as driers for paint, varnishes, and enamels litbium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum salts of 2-ethyIhexanoic acid are used in the formation of greases and lubricants (see Driers and metallic soaps). Derivatives of isostearic acid have been used as pour point depressants in two-cycle engine oils, as textile lubricants, and in cosmetic formulations. Further industrial appHcations can be found (10). 

Because the paraffin and mixed-base crudes yield lubricating oil fractions of high quality, means had to be devised in the early days of the petroleum industry to separate the wax from the oil. The removal of wax from petroleum fractions is one of the most important phases in the production of lubricating oils and fuel oils of low pour point, and has received the attention of many investigators. 

The solvent employed in the first commercial installation, of the Indian Refining Co., was a mixture of acetone and benzene (90% grade). In the subsequent development of the process by The Texas Co., a large number of solvents were found to be satisfactory. At present, the process normally employs a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and industrial grade benzene, which have been found to be admirably suitable and provide a relatively low cost solvent. Toluene is substituted for all or part of the benzene when low chilling temperatures are required to obtain oils of very low pour point, as benzene may crystallize out from the mixture at these lower temperatures. 

Dewaxing is an important specific hydrocracking process used to improve diesel and heating oils by pour-point reduction.88 This is achieved by shape selectivity of certain zeolites allowing selective hydrocracking of long-chain paraffinic waxes to C3—C5 alkanes in the presence of other paraffins.89 Platinum H-mordenite is used in an industrial process.90... 

The low viscosity and pour point characteristics of the SRC-II distillates are also attractive in industrial boiler and industrial cogeneration applications substituting for No. 2 fuel oil or natural gas. Demonstration burn programs in industrial boilers are being planned. 

Lai, K. 1994. Pour Point Depressants for Industrial Lubricants Containing Mixtures of Fatty Acid Esters and Vegetable Oils. United States Patent 5338471 (Aug. 16). 

Several techniques are employed by the industry to overcome these problems the two most commonly used methods are the application of heat and dilution with a solvent (i.e., low-viscosity hydrocarbons such as condensate, natural gasoline, and, most often, naphtha). Both methods serve to reduce the transported crude oil s viscosity dilution will also reduce the heavy-oil mixture s pour point. 

Use Plasticizer for cellulose acetate intermediate for antioxidants, special starches, oil-soluble phenolic resins pour-point depressors and emulsion breakers for petroleum oils and some plastics synthetic lubricants insecticides industrial odorants motor-oil additives. 

The lower cost dialkyl benzenes are used in a wide variety of industrial and metalworking products. In particular, their sulphur-free chemistry has led to extensive use as rolling and drawing oils for copper. The synthesised alkyl benzenes, even when their chemistry is optimised, generally exhibit poorer properties than PAOs. However, their excellent solvency and low pour point make them suitable for lubricants designed for extremely low-temperature operations in arctic greases, gear oils, hydraulic and power transmission fluids. 

While differences in VI improver chemistry affect pumpability performance, it is emphasized that with good base stocks and proper choice of pour point depressant, engine oils can be formulated to industry standards with any of the currently used chemistries. 

Oil industry has a long history of application of NMR spectroscopy for characterization of crude oils, products and oil fractions. The methodology has been mainly ID proton- or carbon-detected experiments. Quantitative NMR and NMR experiments have been used in estimation of aromatic, olefin, naphtene and paraffin proportions in the samples. ° A more detailed characterization has been obtained using various ID carbon-detected experiments, like GASPE, CSE, QUAT and DEPT to obtain quantitative CH sub-spectra. " The goal of characterization of the oil fractions and quantification of certain structural features has been to find correlation between these features and the product properties (e.g. viscosity index, pour point). Due to environmental concerns oil companies are nowadays more interested in development of lubricant base oils that have low aromatic and olefin contents. Hydrogenation of unsaturated components also improves the stability of the base oils, which is an important property for the end-product. Quantitative analysis of a saturated oil fraction with NMR is a major challenge. When the oil fraction contains only aliphatic compounds, the spectrum width that contains the resonances narrows to ca. 1 ppm in the NMR spectrum and ca. 50 ppm in NMR spectrum. This causes excessive... 

Still there are efforts to improve the performance of natural mineral oil-based lubricants by the synthesis of oligomeric hydrocarbons, which has been the subject of important research and development in the petroleum industry for many years and has led to commercialization of a number of synthetic lubricants. These materials are based on the oligomerization of a-olefins such as C6-C20 olefins. Industrial research effort on synthetic lubricants has generally focused on improved viscosity index, thermal and oxidative stability, and a pour point equal to or better than that of the corresponding mineral oil lubricants. 

Compared to traditional PAOs, SpectraSyn Ultra PAO have even higher VI, lower pour point and are available in higher viscosity ranges. This unique class of fluid can be used in automotive engine oil and industrial oil formulations to provide advantages in terms of shear stability, viscometrics properties, thickening power and increased lubricant film thickness. 

EO/PO-based fluids have a better combination of VI and low pour points than PO-based products. They are used as base stocks in industrial circulation/gear oils. 

Alkylbenzenes and alkyinaphthalenes are produced by the alkylation of benzene or naphthalene with olefins using Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalysts. Their typical properties are summarized in Table 11. One unique feature of these alkylaromatic fluids is their very low pour points. Alkylbenzenes are often mentioned in the patent literature as components for CFC or HCFC lefiigeration compressor oil. Alkyinaphthalenes are used in synthetic automotive engine oil, rotary compressor oils, and other industrial oils. 

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