Gasoline natural

The market value of natural gas Hquids is highly volatile and historically has been weakly related to the world price of cmde oil. During the 1980s, the market value of natural gas Hquids ranged from approximately 60% of the price of cmde to 73% (12). In this 10-year interval, several fluctuations occurred in the natural gas Hquid market. Because of the variabiHty of the natural gas Hquid market, the NGL recovery plants need to have flexibiHty. Natural gas Hquid products compete in the following markets ethane propane a Hquefted petroleum gas (LPG) a C-3/C-4 mix and / -butane all compete as petrochemical feedstocks. Propane and LPG are also used as industrial and domestic fuels, whereas 2-butane and natural gasoline, consisting of C-5 and heavier hydrocarbons, are used as refinery feedstocks. 

Other natural gas Hquids include natural gasoline [8006-61 -9] which is composed of the pentanes and heavier components of the natural gas stream, and ethane [74-84-0]. Most recendy ethane has become the principal product of natural gas processing plants. 

The pressure used in producing gas wells often ranges from 690— 10,300 kPa (100—1500 psi). The temperature of the inlet gas is reduced by heat-exchange cooling with the gas after the expansion. As a result of the cooling, a liquid phase of natural gas liquids that contains some of the LPG components is formed. The liquid is passed to a set of simple distillation columns in which the most volatile components are removed overhead and the residue is natural gasoline. The gas phase from the condensate flash tank is compressed and recycled to the gas producing formation. 

The San Juan plant can process up to 500 MMcfd of gas, and extract 40,000 bbl of EPBC liquids. EPBC liquids include ethane (E), propane (P), butanes (B), and condensate (natural gasoline) products... 

LNG—consisting of ethane, propane, butane, and natural gasoline (condensate)—arrives at the plant for upgrading before it is sent to petrochemical plants and refineries as feedstock. Residue gas is sold to the interstate and intrastate pipeline network. MESA, one of the world s major crude helium producers, also delivers helium to a pipeline operated by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. 

NOTES Most values taken from Natural Gasoline Supply Men s Association Engineering Data Book, 1951 - Sixth Edition. 

Note K values at 80 psia from Natural Gasoline Supply Man s Assoc. Data Book [48]. 

Thronton, D. P., Water Scarce—Natural Gasoline Plant Uses Air for 80% of Required Cooling, Petroleum Processing, V. 2, p. 52,Jan. (1947). 

K versus pressure and temperature for various hydrocarbons can be found in the Engineering Data Book of the Natural Gasoline Supply Men s Association, Latest Edition. 

Note Bhp values based on 75% overall efficiency. This is not exact, as efficiency changes with specific system conditions. (Plotted from data of Boteler, H. W. Natural Gasoline Supply Men s Engr. Data Book, 7 Ed., p. 40, 1957 and Huff, R. L. Petroleum Refiner, p. Ill, Feb. 1959.)... 

Figure 12-15. Compressibility for naturai gas. (Used by permission Brown, G. G., G. G. Oberfeii, D. L. Katz, and R. C. Aiden. Natural Gasoline and the Volatile Hydrocarbons, Section One, 1948. Naturai Gasoiine Association of America, inc. Aii rights reserved.)...

Figure 12-18A. Compressor volumetric efficiency curves for gas with k or n of 1.15. (Used by permission Natural Gasoline Supply Men s Association Data Book, 1957. Origin Ingersoll-Rand Co. All rights reserved.)...

Figure 12-25. Combined compression and mechanical efficiency of reciprocating compressors. (Used by permission Campbell, J. M. Oil and Gas Journal and Ridgway, R. S. California Natural Gasoline Association Meeting, 1945. All rights reserved.)...

Natural gasoline (NG) is mainly constituted of C5" hydrocarbons and is added to gasoline to raise its vapor pressure. Natural gasoline is usually sold according to its vapor pressure. 

Isomerization is a small-volume but important refinery process. Like alkylation, it is acid catalyzed and intended to produce highly-branched hydrocarbon mixtures. The low octane C5/C6 fraction obtained from natural gasoline or from a light naphtha fraction may be isomerized to a high octane product. 

Another nonsynthetic source for cyclohexane is natural gasoline and petroleum naphtha. However, only a small amount is obtained from this source. The 1994 U.S. production of cyclohexane was approximately 2.1 billion pounds (the 45th highest chemical volume). 

NGL are those portions of natural gas which are recovered as liquids in separators, field facilities or gas processing plants. Natural gas liquids include, but are not limited to, heavier hydrocarbon components, natural gasoline and condensate they may include small quantities of nonhydrocarbons. 

CH3)2. CH.CH2.CH3 mw 72.15, colorl liq, mp -159.9°, bp 27.85°, d 0.6201 g/cc at 20/4°, RI 1.35370. Sol in ethanol, ether, hydrocarbons and oils, insol in w. First prepd by Frankland in 1850 by treating iso-amyl iodide with Zn in w at 140° (Ref 2). It was isolated by Young from American petroleum (Ref 3). Present methods of prepn include fractional distn of petroleum and subsequent purification of the crude isopentane by rectification, as well as cracking and reforming of crude oil components and natural gasolines in oil refineries (Refs 4 7)... 

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