Important researchers

Helmholtz did important research on another sense organ, the ear, and explained how it was able to detect differences m pitch. He showed how the quality of a sound depended on the number, nature and relative intensities of the harmonics present in the sound. 

Joule had no real protession except as an amateur scientist, and no job except for some involvement in running the family breweiy. Since his father was ill and forced to retire in 1833, his son had to become more involved in the affairs of the brewery from 1833 to 1854, when the brewery was sold by his family. While Joule was working at the breweiy, he carried out his experiments before 9 00 A.M., when the factory opened, and after 6 00 P.M., when it closed. Because his father built a laboratoiy for him in his home, in 1854 he had the time and means to devote himself completely to physics research. Later in life, he suffered severe financial misfortune, but the Royal Society and Queen Victoria in 1878 each provided a 200 subsidy for Joule to continue his important researches. 

A variety of important research issues require much more work if U.S. companies are to establish and maintain dominance in information storage and handling technologies. These issues are quite broad and cut across the spectrum of materials and devices. 

In the electronics industry, a large number of relatively small firms play a key role in generating new process concepts and equipment. These firms face important research problems in fundamental science and engineering that would benefit markedly from the insights of academic chemical engineering researchers. Academic researchers should seek out and forge links to these small firms that stand at the crucial step between laboratory research and production processes. Potential mechanisms for accomplishing this are described in Chapter 10. 

Chemical dynamics and modeling were identified as important research frontiers in Chapter 4. They are critically important to the materials discussed in this chapter as well. At the molecular scale, important areas of investigation include studies of statistical mechaiucs, molecular and particle dynamics, dependence of molecular motion on intermolecular and interfacial forces, and kinetics of chemical processes and phase changes. 

The immobilization of metal catalysts onto sohd supports has become an important research area, as catalyst recovery, recycling as well as product separation is easier under heterogeneous conditions. In this respect, the iron complex of the Schiff base HPPn 15 (HPPn = iVA -bis(o-hydroxyacetophenone) propylene diamine) was supported onto cross-linked chloromethylated polystyrene beads. Interestingly, the supported catalyst showed higher catalytic activity than the free metal complex (Scheme 8) [50, 51]. In terms of chemical stability, particularly with... 

Studies of photoelectrochemical phenomena are of great theoretical value. With light as an additional energy factor, in particular, studies of the elementary act of electrochemical reactions are expedited. Photoelectrochemical phenomena are of great practical value as well. One of the most important research activities nowadays is development of electrochemical devices for a direct conversion of luminous (solar) into electrical energy and photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen. 

Before 2002 we have previously reviewed on bimetallic nanoparticles and their catal5dic properties [5,46,47]. Herein we concentrate on recent researches on the bimetallic nanoparticles from 2003, but also include some important researches previously reviewed by us [5,46,47]. 

With Thomson s benevolent support, the men and women at Cavendish did critically important research on the structure of the atom. Seven of them went on to secure the biggest prize in science, the Nobel. Thomson himself won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1906, as well as many other scientific honors. Surprisingly, this outstanding scientist and research director was not a very good experimentalist. "J.J. was very awkward with his fingers," said one of his assistants, "and I found it very necessary not to encourage him to handle the instruments. 

Adsorption of small biomolecules such as amino acids, vitamins, and oligopeptides on mesoporous materials is also an important research target, because it certainly satisfies certain demands in material extraction, drug delivery, and pollutant removal. Vinu and coworkers recently reported systematic research on the adsorption of L-histidine on mesoporous materials [187,188]. Figure 4.22 compares the adsorption... 

To suggest a set of directions for future research in antigen retrieval requires that one first state the objective(s) toward which that research is directed. There are a number of important research directions that are deserving of attention, two of which we will consider here—(1) the recovery of unmodified proteins in native conformation from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and (2) the development of new techniques for assessing the quantity and functional state of tissue proteins recovered from FFPE tissue. 

There are a huge number of applications of GC/MS to lipid analysis in cultural heritage reported in the literature. Lipid characterization, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is an important research area in conservation science [1 31]. 

Overall, the contributors to this volume have provided first-hand accounts of various important research topics in solid-state NMR. Being the editor, I feel very privileged to work with my very distinguished colleagues, who have been at the frontier of their fields for many years. Thanks to their painstaking efforts I am very much convinced that this volume will be a useful reference for researchers and students who are interested in the principles and applications of solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 

The water temperature and thermal behaviour of the reservoirs of Mequinensa and Riba-roja have been dealt with in different studies and reports. These include water quality controls commissioned by the Ebro River Authority, the CHE [36-39], some study by the Catalan Water Authority, the ACA [42], several degree and PhD thesis at the Technical School of Civil Engineering of Barcelona [43—48] and research projects aimed to study the dispersion of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha [40, 41]. However, the reservoir with the most information available regarding its thermal behaviour is the reservoir of Riba-roja as it has received an important research effort because of the invasion of zebra mussel. 

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