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Incomes

Multiple reactions in parallel producing byproducts. Consider again the system of parallel reactions from Eqs. (2.16) and (2.17). A batch or plug-flow reactor maintains higher average concentrations of feed (Cfeed) than a continuous well-mixed reactor, in which the incoming feed is instantly diluted by the PRODUCT and... [Pg.29]

The oil and gas industry produces much waste material, such as scrap metal, human waste, unspent chemicals, oily sludges and radiation. All of the incoming streams to a facility such as a production platform end up somewhere, and only few of the outgoing streams are useful product. It is one of the responsibilities of the engineer to try to limit the amount of incoming material which will finally become waste material. [Pg.74]

The fiscal regime (or tax system) in some countries allows the cost of exploration and appraisal (E A) activity to be offset against existing income as a fiscal allowance before the taxable income is calculated. For a taxpaying company, the real cost of appraisal is therefore reduced, and this should be recognised in performing the cost-benefit calculations. [Pg.181]

In the feasibility phase the project is tested as a concept. Is it technically feasible and is it economically viable There may be a number of ways to perform a particular task (such as develop an oil field) and these have to be judged against economic criteria, availability of resources, and risk. At this stage estimates of cost and income (production) profiles will carry a considerable uncertainty range, but are used to filter out unrealistic options. Several options may remain under consideration at the end of a feasibility study. [Pg.292]

The fiscal system set by the host government determines the method by which the host nation claims its entitlement to income from the production and sale of hydrocarbons. The simplest fiscal system is the tax and royalty scheme, such as that applied to income from production in the UKCS (United Kingdom Continental Shelf). [Pg.309]

Royalty is charged from the start of production, but tax is only payable once there is a positive taxable income. At the beginning of a new project the fiscal costs may exceed the revenues, giving rise to a negative taxable income. Whether the project can take advantage of this depends upon the fiscal status of the company and the project. [Pg.309]

It should be noted that a capital allowance Is not a cashflow item, but is only calculated to enable the taxable income to be determined. The treatment of capital allowance for this purpose is a petroleum economics approach, which may differ from the accountant s view of depreciation when calculating net book values and profit. [Pg.310]

The proflt-to-investmentratio (PIR) may be defined in many ways, and is most meaningful when deflated and discounted. On an undeflated and undiscounted basis, the PIR may be defined as the ratio of the cumulative cash surplus to the capital investment. This indicates the return on capital investment of the project, is simple to calculate, but does not reflect the timing of the income/investment in the project. [Pg.317]

The field may enter into an economic decline when either income is falling (production decline) or costs are rising, and in many cases both are happening. Whilst there may be scope for further investment in a field in economic decline, it should not tie up funds that can be used more effectively in new projects. A mature development must continue to generate a positive cashflow and compete with other projects for funds. The options that are discussed in this section give some idea of the alternatives that may be available to manage the inevitable process of economic decline, and to extend reservoir and facility life. [Pg.351]

Initially, if operating costs can be divided based on production throughput, the satellite development project may look attractive. However, the unit costs of the declining host field will eventually exceed income and the satellite development may not be able to support the cost of maintaining the old facilities. If the old facilities can be partly decommissioned, and provision made for part of the abandonment cost, then the satellite development may still look attractive. The satellite development option should always be compared to options for independent development. [Pg.364]

The economic lifetime was introduced in Section 13.3, and was defined as the point at which the annual cashflow turned permanently negative. This is the time at which income from production no longer exceeds the costs of production, and marks the point when decommissioning should occur, since it does not make economic sense to continue to run a loss-making venture. Technically, the production of hydrocarbons could continue beyond this point but only by accepting financial losses. There are two ways to defer decommissioning ... [Pg.366]

Main steamline section and weld of the same Unit 4 f600 MW3 as above the weld connects 2 steamline sections of different materials (stainless steel and low-alloy steel) through a transition material section, ahead of the Y-piece where branching of the turbine inlet lines takes place (255 mm internal diameter, 44.5 mm thickness). Ultrasonic inspection pointed out potential integrity problems in the weld. The requirement was again that AE could support safe operation of the weld until the next incoming planned maintenance shutdown. [Pg.71]

For safety reasons, the main components of industrial installations must undergo NDT so as to guarantee the functional capacities of equipment by verifying the integrity of the materials. This paper presents the EDF project to improve the quality for detection, localization and characterization of incoming faults inside materials, and to increase the performance of X or y radiographic analysis. [Pg.500]

A method that would enable detection and classification of the bone content in 100% of the incoming frozen fish blocks in real time without delaying the production line was desired. An obvious solution to this was the use of X-ray inspection. X-ray inspection however requires the integration of a highly sensitive inspection equipment with the corrosive atmosphere associated with food processing as well as the tough restrictions imposed by the health authorities regarding irradiation of food. [Pg.587]

The tests concluded that it was possible to use real time X-ray to inspect incoming frozen fish blocks 100% and giving a completely accurate assessment of the quality of the blocks to enable the factory to calculate the correct purchase price as a function of the bone content. [Pg.589]

Once the feasibility of using real time X-ray as an inspection method was established, it was decided to proceed with the design of a system equally suited for control of incoming frozen fish blocks and for developing inspection procedures. These inspection procedures are, when completed, to be the basis of the inspection standards for the complete concern. [Pg.589]

Bangladesh is a developing country of 3rd world located in South East Asia covering a tenitory of 147,730 sqkm with about 120 million population. Per capita income is about 220 and literacy rate for 7 years and above has been 32.4%. In the backdrop of agrarian poverty ridden economy, its population may exceed 125 m by 2000 AD. Its 47% population are living below poverty line 12.06m people are unemployed. [Pg.918]

When an atom or molecule approaches a surface, it feels an attractive force. The interaction potential between the atom or molecule and the surface, which depends on the distance between the molecule and the surface and on the lateral position above the surface, detemiines the strength of this force. The incoming molecule feels this potential, and upon adsorption becomes trapped near the minimum m the well. Often the molecule has to overcome an activation barrier, before adsorption can occur. [Pg.295]

As with any collision process, to understand the dynamics of collisions we need an appreciation of the relevant forces and masses. Far from the surface, the incoming atom or molecule will experience tire van der Waals attraction of the fonn... [Pg.900]

Direct dissociation reactions are affected by surface temperature largely tlirough the motion of the substrate atoms [72]. Motion of the surface atom towards the incoming molecule mcreases the likelihood of (activated) dissociation, while motion away decreases the dissociation probability. For low dissociation probabilities, the net effect is an enliancement of the dissociation by increasing surface temperature, as observed in the system 02/Pt 100]-hex-R0.7° [73]. [Pg.912]

Here we have collected the N independent g that correspond to different incoming states for N open chaimels into a matrix g (where the sans serifhoM notation is again used to denote a square matrix). Also we have the matrices... [Pg.972]


See other pages where Incomes is mentioned: [Pg.29]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.375]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.235]    [Pg.247]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.366]    [Pg.545]    [Pg.739]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.295]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.679]    [Pg.899]    [Pg.901]    [Pg.934]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.131 , Pg.140 , Pg.142 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.16 , Pg.20 , Pg.22 , Pg.23 , Pg.128 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.435 , Pg.447 ]




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Activation Policies in Germany From Status Protection to Basic Income Support

Activation from Income Support in the US

Activation measures for basic income support recipients

Analysis of a Consulting Firms Income Statement

Annual cash income

Asymptotic boundary condition, incoming

Average income on initial cost

Cash Incentives Aimed at Behavioral Change Rather Than Income Support

Chemical industry income generated

Coupons income

Demanding and promoting principles under SGB II (basic income scheme)

Earnings income tax

Elderly income support

Employee Retirement Income

Employee Retirement Income Security Act

Employment Retirement Income

European fixed income markets

European fixed income securities

Family income

Farm income

Farming incomes

Financial incomes

Financial statements sheet income statement

Financials income statement

Fixed income asset managers

Fixed income instruments

Fixed income risk

Fixed income risk model

Fixed income securities

Fixed income stream

Fixed-income instruments instrument

Fixed-income markets

Fixed-income portfolios

Generation curve income

Gross income

Guaranteed minimum income programs

Guaranteed minimum income programs Romania

High-income households

Household incomes

In middle-income countries

Income Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children

Income Support for People with Disabilities

Income Support for the Elderly

Income and expenditure account

Income disposable

Income distribution

Income effect

Income elasticity

Income from technology transfers

Income gap

Income importance

Income indicator

Income inequality

Income operating

Income personal

Income replacement

Income statement

Income statement Delchem

Income statement business

Income statement consolidated

Income statement depreciation

Income statement dividends

Income statement example

Income statement expenses

Income statement general

Income statement personal

Income statement revision

Income statement selling

Income taxes

Income, disposable, household

Income, sales

Income, wealth

Income-distribution demand-shift model of inflation

Income-tax effects

Income-tax rates

Incoming boundary condition

Incoming concentration profile

Incoming group

Incoming inspection

Incoming lead processing

Incoming material control

Incoming material control adhesives

Incoming material control assembly

Incoming materials

Incoming orientation

Incoming shipments

Incoming solids

Incoming starting materials

Incoming states

Incoming states fully interacting

Incoming water temperatures

Inspection and testing of incoming constituent materials

Interest income

Low-income

Low-income countries

Low-income households

Low-income neighborhood

Manufacturing workers income

Median Income of U.S. Families by Race

Money working income

National income

Net income

Nucleophiles incoming

PepsiCo income statement

Per-capita income

Quality assurance incoming materials

Quality assurance, incoming

Recording Incoming Orientations

Redistribution of income

Reinvestment income

Relationship Between Balance Sheets and Income Statements

Residual income method

Reverse income statement

Royalty income

Safety Nets in Middle-Income Countries

Safety Nets in Very Low-Income Countries

Scattering incoming states

Short-term fixed-income securities

Solar radiation incoming

Spending, Income, and Public Attitudes

Step 1 Prepare a Reverse Income Statement

Step 3 Meeting Your Income Needs

Step 4 Revise the Income Statement

Surge Incoming Route

THE DOWNSIDE OF EARNING INCOME IN RETIREMENT

Tax Deductions and Taxable Income

Taxable income

The Income Statement

The Income Statement Inflow and Outflow

The income-lead effect

Total consumption income

Various minimum income benefits

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