Surge Incoming Route

TABLE 6.3 Surge Incoming Routes Resulting in Disturbances... 

This chapter summarizes the disturbances experienced in Japan including disturbed equipments, surge incoming routes, and the characteristics of the disturbances [1,10]. The influence of the disturbances to power system operation including countermeasures and costs is explained. Some case studies are demonstrated. 

This shows that the electromagnetic disturbances are far smaller in the dispersed control in the centralized one. The reason for this is estimated, that is, the incoming surge route is limited in the dispersal case while a surge can cause many disturbances and also the number of the surge incoming route is larger in the centralized case. 

The causes and incoming routes of the disturbances listed in Table 6.7a are categorized in Table 6.7b. While an LS is more likely to cause disturbances in power generation and supply, an SS can also result in these disturbances. It makes sense that SS disturbances occur only in substations. The incoming routes for surges are through control circuits (29%) and CTs/VTs and others (40%), as shown in Table 6.7b. It is important to consider these routes while establishing countermeasures. 

Incoming routes of switching and lightning surges to a control cable. 

This shows that electromagnetic disturbances were far less frequent in the dispersed control equipment than in the centralized equipment. While a surge can cause many disturbances, the dispersed control equipment limits the incoming surge route. Furthermore, there are more incoming surge routes for centralized equipment than for dispersed control equipment. 

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