Lateral tip position

SECM images contain information about both local reactivity and the topography of the sample surface. However, it is our opinion that the greatest utility of SECM in biological and biochemical investigations is its ability to map chemical species and reactivity (i.e., processes) rather than topography. Since the theoretical models of SECM are based on established electrochemical principles, the data can often be interpreted in a quantitative manner, and kinetic investigations at fixed lateral tip position are possible with a time resolution of ms or better. 

The high speed of the i-V data collection eliminates vertical and lateral drift of the tip position, and the surface topography and the spatially resolved I- Vcharacteristics arc determined simultaneously at each point in the x scan. 

Visualization of the optical field is feasible by detecting the PL intensity while scanning the sample surface laterally. Optical images obtained in this way reflect the excitation probability at the tip position (we should note that the obsCTved image... 

The patient is placed in a supine position on the CT table. At the level of T12, the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries are localized after intravenous bolus injection of the contrast medium. Precise localization of the celiac plexus is obtained from these vascular structures which represent the most constant landmarks. A 22-gauge needle is inserted by an anterior approach to reach the pre-aortic retroperitoneal area. After CT scan confirmation of the needle tip position immediately lateral to the celiac artery and in front of the anterior aspect of the aorta, 2 ml of diluted contrast medium are injected to predict the diffusion of ethanol. After the injection of 10 ml of 1% lidocaine to palliate the painful alcohol injection, neurolysis is achieved with 25 ml of 50% ethanol... 

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