Hulls soybeans

Almond (nutmeat and hulls), ginned cottonseed, grape, peanut (vines, hay, nutmeat and hulls), soybean (forage, hay and seed), sugarcane, water, and soil Gas-chromatographic determination... 

Oilseeds, oil fruits, their products and by-products rapeseed, expeller and hulls soybean as bean, toasted, expeller and hulls sunflower seed as seed and expeller cotton as seed and seed expeller linseed as seed and expeller sesame seed as expeller palm kernels as expeller pumpkin seed as expeller olives, olive pulp vegetable oils (from physical extraction). (Turnip rapeseed expeller was delisted in 2004.)... 

Soybean Soybean hulls Soybean worker s lung... 

Mitaru, B.N. R. Blair R.D. Reichert W.E. Roe. Dark and yellow rapeseed hulls, soybean hulls and a purified fiber source their effects on dry matter, energy, protein and amino acid digestibilities in cannulated pigs./. Sci. 1984,59, 1510-1518. 

Aeroallergens Gly m 1 and 2 and the Kunitz-trypsin inhibitor are limited primarily to the soybean hull. Soybean seed proteins, Gly m Bd 30K, P-conglyci-nin, and more recently profilin, are the predominant ingestive allergens. 

Compositions of the four oilseeds are given in Table 2. All except soybeans have a high content of seed coat or hull. Because of the high hull content, the cmde fiber content of the other oilseeds is also high. Confectionery varieties of sunflower seed may contain up to 28% cmde fiber on a dry basis (8). Soybeans differ from the other oilseeds in their high protein and low oil content. AH these oilseeds, however, yield high protein meals when dehuUed and defatted. 

A metric ton of soybeans yields 181 kg of cmde oil, 794 kg of 44% protein meal (hulls present), or 722 kg of 48% protein meal (hulls removed) plus 72 kg of hulls. Shrinkage is 25 kg. 

Anti-thyroid activity. Boiled rice taken orally by adults at a dose of 350 g/person was inactive on iodine uptake by the thyroid Anti-tumor activity. Bran, administered intraperitoneally to mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg, was active on Sarcoma 180 (solid). The biological activity has been patented . Fermented grains, in the ration of rats, were active. Miso, a paste made from the seeds of Oryza sativa and G lycine max (soybean), was fed ad libitum. The incidence of cancers in the miso treated rats was 20% less than controls vs 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]anthracene -induced carcinogenesis ". Water extract of dried seed hull, administered intraperitoneally to mice, was active on Sarcoma 180 (ASC). A glycoprotein fraction has been tested. The biological activity reported has been patented . Anti-ulcer activity. A cerebroside fraction of rice bran, administered intraperitoneally to mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg, was inac-... 

On average, a ton of soybeans yields about 18% oil, 72% protein meal, 7% hulls, and 3% loss. A listing of the primary fatty acids found in soybean oil is provided in TABLE 12-5. 

Tannins are present in some varieties of canola but only at very low levels (Blair and Reichert, 1984). Canola, rapeseed and soybean hull tannins are not capable of inhibiting a-amylase (Mitaru et al, 1982), in contrast to those in other feedstuffs such as sorghum. Sinapine is the major phenolic constituent of canola and although bitter-tasting (Blair and Reichert, 1984) is not regarded as presenting any practical problems in poultry feeding except possibly for that noted above with brown-shelled layers. 

The CP content of cottonseed meal may vary from 360 to 410g/kg, depending on the contents of hulls and residual oil. AA content and digestibility of cottonseed meal are lower than in soybean meal. Although fairly high in protein, cottonseed meal is low in lysine and tryptophan. The fibre content is higher in cottonseed meal than in soybean meal, and its ME value is inversely related to the fibre content. Cottonseed meal is a poorer source of minerals than soybean meal. The content of carotene is low in cottonseed meal, but this meal compares favourably with soybean meal in water-soluble vitamin content, except biotin, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine. 

Whole soybeans contain 360-370 g/kg CP, whereas soybean meal contains 410-500 g/kg CP depending on efficiency of the oil-extraction process and the amount of residual hulls present. The oil has a high content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic (08 2) and linolenic (08 3) acids. It also contains high amounts of another unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (08 1) and moderate amounts of the saturated fatty acids, palmitic (06 0) and stearic (08 0). 

Furthermore, the soybean hull proteins Gly m 1 and Gly m 2, the soybean profilin Gly m 3, and Gly m 4 (also called Kunitz-trypsin inhibitor, formerly SAM 22) are officially accepted as soybean allergens according to the criteria of the International... 

Gonzalez, R., Polo, F., Zapatero, L., Caravaca, F., Carreira, J. 1992. Purification and characterization of major inhalant allergens from soybean hulls. Clin Exp Allergy 22 748-755. 

Waste-treatment processes commonly result in the production of solid wastes that must be disposed of safely. Enzymatic treatment is no exception. For example, although enzymatic treatment may not produce as large a quantity of solid products as does biological treatment, some solid residues may be formed, e.g., the polymer precipitates formed during the treatment of phenols with peroxidases, spent adsorbents such as talc, chitin, or activated carbon that are used to eliminate the soluble products of enzymatic reactions, or residues of plant materials such as raw soybean hulls when they are used in place of purified enzymes during treatment. Perhaps, the polymers and adsorbents could be incinerated to recover some energy if the emission of dangerous combustion by-products can be controlled or prevented. The residues of plant materials could potentially be composted and used as soil conditioners, provided that pollutants do not leach from them at substantial rates. To date, none of these disposal problems have been addressed adequately. 

Other plants such as potatoes, cauliflower, cherries, and soybeans and several fungi may also be used as sources of peroxidase enzymes. Soybeans, in particular, may represent a valuable source of peroxidase because the enzyme is found in the seed coat, which is a waste product from soybean-based industries [90]. In this case, it may be possible to use the solid waste from the soybean industry to treat the wastewaters of various chemical industries. In fact, the direct use of raw soybean hulls to accomplish the removal of phenol and 2-chlorophenol has been demonstrated [105]. However, it should be noted that this type of approach would result in an increase in the amount of solid residues that must be disposed following treatment. Peroxidases extracted from tomato and water hyacinth plants were also used to polymerize phenolic substrates [106], Actual plant roots were also used for in vivo experiments of pollutant removal. The peroxidases studied accomplished good removal of the test substrate guaiacol and the plant roots precipitated the phenolic pollutants at the roots surface. It was suggested that plant roots be used as natural immobilized enzyme systems to remove phenolic compounds from aquatic systems and soils. The direct use of plant material as an enzyme source represents a very interesting alternative to the use of purified enzymes due to its potentially lower cost. However, further studies are needed to confirm the feasibility of such a process. 

Flock C, Bassi A, Gijzen M. Removal of aqueous phenol and 2-chlorophenol with purified soybean peroxidase and raw soybean hulls. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 1999 74(4) 303-309. 

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