FIBRE CONTENT

ICl Development polymide Resin QX-13 and Morganite Modmor Type I (treated) carbon fibre. Unidirectional laminate (S2% v/v fibre content)]. vSource of data ICl Trade Lilerature... 

The reinforced reaction injection moulding (RRIM) process is a development of RIM in which reinforcing fillers such as glass fibres are incorporated into the polymer. One advantage of such a system is to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion, and with a 40-50% glass fibre content the coefficient is brought into line with those of metals. 

Table 3.3 indicates the extent to which the properties of plastics are influenced by the level of fibre content. Full details of the forms in which reinforcing fibres are available for inclusion in plastics are given in Chapter 4. 

Effect of fibre content on properties of glass reinforced nylon 66... 

In order to get the best out of fibre reinforcement it is not uncommon to try to control within close limits the fibre content which will provide maximum stiffness for a fixed weight of matrix and fibres. In flexure it has been found that optimum stiffness is achieved when the volume fraction is 0.2 for chopped strand mat (CSM) and 0.37 for continuous fibre reinforcement. 

The ability of RGase B to solubilise soy fibres is useful for the production of a fibre enriched dietetic soy product. Soy milk has the disadvantages that it has a low fibre content and a high content of phytate and of stachyose and raffinose. To overcome these disadvantages a-galactosidase was used to reduce the amount of stachyose and raffinose, phytase to degrade the phytate, and RGase B to release fibre material. 

ASTM D 3171-90 describes a standard test method for fibre content determination of resin-matrix composites by matrix digestion in a hot medium, such as HNO3 or H2SO4/H2O2 [53],... 

As microwave sample preparation has evolved, standard microwave procedures have been developed and approved by numerous standard methods organisations (ASTM, AOAC International, EPA, etc.), see ref. [64]. Examples are standard test methods for carbon black/ash content (ASTM Method D 1506-97), lead analysis in direct paint samples (ASTM Method E 1645-94), etc. Table 8.15 shows some microwave ashing references (detection weight). A French AFNOR method utilises the atmospheric pressure single-mode microwave method as an alternative sample preparation procedure for Kjeldahl nitrogen determination [84], The performance of a microwave-assisted decomposition for rapid determination of glass fibre content in plastics for QC has been described [85]. 

Depending on the colour and use of the finished wafer some wafers are made from brown flours. While the increased fibre content has nutritional advantages the real reason for this is that the higher extraction rate makes the flour cheaper to produce. 

Dry sludge Solid content Fibre content Ash content... 

Creep is rather low or very low, the more so as semi-aromatic polyamides are very often reinforced with high glass fibre contents. It changes moderately when the temperature rises. 

Alterations by moisture exposure are weak shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion depend on crystallinity creep resistance is rather good, the more so as the glass fibre content increases. 

The effect of the fibre content varies for different properties ... 

As already seen, the effect of the carbon fibre content varies depending on the property that is being considered ... 

Drugs are not a first choice treatment for constipation. The patient should eat food with high fibre content and drink enough liquid. Consistent food habits and regular bowel movements counteract constipation and physical exercise is also important for intestinal function. 

There are a number of well-documented, validated methods for the analysis of total fibre in food products in the AOAC manual (993.19, 993.23, 991.42, 991.43 and 958.29). Most of these are gravimetric methods where the fibre is precipitated with ethanol and washed and the fibre content calculated after allowances are made for any protein and/or ash that the precipitate contains. These methods rely on precipitation of the fibre with alcohol for their quantification, but as inulin is soluble in mixtures of ethanol and water it cannot be detected in these tests. The most recent method (2001.03) includes an HPLC stage to allow for detection of the presence of maltodextrins, which are poorly digested in the body, but this will not detect inulin. 

Hadimani, N. A. and Malleshi, N. G. (1993). Studies on milling, physic-chemical properties, nutrient composition and dietary fibre content of millets. J. Food Sci. Technol. 30,17-20. 

The CP content of cottonseed meal may vary from 360 to 410g/kg, depending on the contents of hulls and residual oil. AA content and digestibility of cottonseed meal are lower than in soybean meal. Although fairly high in protein, cottonseed meal is low in lysine and tryptophan. The fibre content is higher in cottonseed meal than in soybean meal, and its ME value is inversely related to the fibre content. Cottonseed meal is a poorer source of minerals than soybean meal. The content of carotene is low in cottonseed meal, but this meal compares favourably with soybean meal in water-soluble vitamin content, except biotin, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine. 

A review of early studies showed that poultry performed poorly when fed diets containing unhulled safflower meal (Ravindran and Blair, 1992). Partially dehulled safflower meal, however, can be utilized in balanced diets for broilers and layers at levels limited by its fibre content. However, satisfactory performance is achieved only with supplementation with other proteins to improve the protein quality of the diet. 

Use of sesame meal in starter diets should be limited because of its high fibre content and possible palatability problems associated with phytates and oxalates (Ravindran and Blair, 1992). 

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