Hemolysis depressant

The triglyceride plasticizer can be composed of aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 5 to 9 carbon atoms).A plasticizer of this invention is suggested for use as hemolysis depressant protecting blood erythrocytes in polyvinylchloride appliances for medical applications. 

Palytoxin (PTX) is one of the most potent marine toxins known and the lethal dose (LD q) of the toxin in mice is 0.5 Mg/kg when injected i.v. The molecular structure of the toxin has been determined fully (1,2). PTX causes contractions in smooth muscle (i) and has a positive inotropic action in cardiac muscle (4-6). PTX also induces membrane depolarization in intestinal smooth (i), skeletal (4), and heart muscles (5-7), myelinated fibers (8), spinal cord (9), and squid axons (10). PTX has been demonstrated to cause NE release from adrenergic neurons (11,12). Biochemical studies have indicated that PTX causes a release of K from erythrocytes, which is followed by hemolysis (13-15). The PTX-induced release of K from erythrocytes is depress by ouabain and that the binding of ouabain to the membrane fragments is inhibited by PTX (15). 

Gelman et al. (1978) found that the interaction between lead and phenylhydrazine produced an additive effect in the acute hemolytic phase of anemia and a probable synergistic effect during the compensatory phase of anemia in rabbits. The mechanism postulated for anemic interaction appears to be primarily related to depressed bone marrow production of erythrocytes rather than to increased hemolysis. 

Dizziness, headache, fatigue, fever, insomnia, irritability, depression, emotional lability, impaired concentration, alopecia, rash, pruritus, nausea, anorexia, dyspepsia, vomiting, decreased hemoglobin, hemolysis, arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain, dyspnea, sinusitis, flu-like symptoms Occasional (1 %-10%)... 

PG, similar to glycerin, is a multifunctional excipient that can be an effective preservative when used at concentrations of 15% to 30% in oral solutions. However, formulations containing 35% PG can cause hemolysis in humans. PG exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics and when elimination pathways are saturated, serum levels dramatically increase. Pyruvic and lactic acid are produced from the metabolic degradation of PG and can lead to acidosis. Neonates have a longer PG half-life (16.9 hours) compared with adults (5 hours) and seizures, and respiratory depression has occurred in children who have ingested oral liquid medications containing PG (9). Therefore, special consideration should be placed on the amount of PG in formulations that are intended for infants and children. 

Benzidine, p-aminodiphenyl, is a solid compound that can be extracted from coal tar. It is highly toxic by oral ingestion, inhalation, and skin sorption and is one of the few proven human carcinogens. Its systemic effects include blood hemolysis, bone marrow depression, and kidney and liver damage. 

Flutamide (EULEXIN, EUFLEX) Nonsteroidal LH increased T increased Monotherapy Combination therapy Potency spared Breast tenderness, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, hot flashes, cystitis, increased appetite, sleep disturbances, hepatotoxicity, anemias, hemolysis, headache, dizziness, malaise, blurred vision, anxiety, depression, decreased libido, hypertension, complications in patients with cardiovascular disease... 

Crossover studies have shown that mesalazine has about a 10-fold lower potential than sulfasalazine for inducing allergic reactions or causing intolerance. Adverse effects with all aminosalicylates include (generally more frequent with sulfasalazine) headache, nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, fatigue, rash, fever, rarely exacerbation of the disease, pancreatitis, pericarditis, pneumonitis, liver disease, nephritis, and bone marrow depression. Watery diarrhea is an adverse effect unique to olsalazine, while anorexia, folate malabsorption, hemolysis, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, male infertility, and neuropathy are unique to sulfasalazine. 

Deferoxamine has a strong depressant effect on proliferation of bone marrow cultures in vitro (72). On the other hand, deferoxamine improves hemopoiesis in patients with anemia, for example in rheumatoid arthritis, hemolysis, or myelodysplastic sjmdromes, and reduces transfusion dependency (73-78). The mechanism is unknown, but increased erythropoietin responsiveness secondary to iron chelation may play a role (77). 

Renal damage ototoxicity bone marrow depression hemolysis hypomagnesemia peripheral neuropathy hypocalcemia hypokalemia Raynaud s phenomenon sterility hypophosphatemia hyperuricemia anorexia... 

Bromate salts are extremely toxic they are capable of causing deafness and renal failure at doses between 240 and 500 mg kg Potassium bromate, also used as neutralizer in cold waves, is an extremely toxic compound that produces nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, deafness, acute renal failure, hypotension, CNS depression, and hemolysis. Both otic symptoms and renal impairment may be permanent. Primary tubular damage can progress to interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis. 

Primaquine phosphate 26.3-mg tablet Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth) 50-mg/mL suspension Malaria (P. vivax) (P. ovale) Pinworm Hookworm Gl Nausea, abdominal pain CNS Mental depression Gl Anorexia, nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea CNS Headache, dizziness In G6PD deficiency can cause hemolysis 9, 10-13, 23, 24,25 9, 24, 9, 99... 

Zinc Dermatitis, hypogeusia, alopecia, diarrhea, apathy, depression, growth retardation, impaired wound healing, immunosuppression Acute gastric distress, nausea, dizziness, death with large intravenous doses Chronic immunosuppression, decreased HDL, copper deficiency Decreased infection, hypoalbuminemia, corticosteroids, pregnancy, burns, stress, inflammation Increased tissue injury, hemolysis, contaminated collection tube... 

Bone marrow depression, anemia, leukopenia, and basophilic stippling are associated with chronic arsenic exposure. Arsine (AsHj) poisoning can produce widespread hemolysis. Cirrhosis, ascites, and destruction of renal tissues have been reported. Arsine exposure may also cause renal failure (Forth et al. 1996). 

These effects are rare. They include neutropenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, bone marrow depression, hemolysis, hypoplastic anemia, aplastic anemia, eosinophilia, or thrombocytopenia. 

Patients with a history of a mild or a temporally distant penicillin reaction appear to be at low risk of allergic reaction following cephalosporin administration. However, patients who have had a recent severe, immediate reaction to a penicillin should be given a cephalosporin with great caution, if at all. A positive Coombs reaction appears frequently in patients who receive large doses of a cephalosporin, but hemolysis is rare. Cephalosporins rarely have produced bone marrow depression characterized by granulocytopenia. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS nose tumors unspecified eye effects central nervous system depression hemolysis hemoglobinuria kidney and liver damage injury to the lymphoid system. 

A. After acute overdose, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, ataxia, depressed sensorium, coma, respiratory depression, and seizures may occur rapidly (usually within 30-120 minutes). Profound anion gap metabolic acidosis (pH 6.8-6.9) often occurs after only one or two seizures, probably owing to muscle release of lactic acid. This usually clears slowly even after the seizure activity Is controlled. Liver injury may occur after an acute overdose, and may be delayed up to several days. Hemolysis may occur in patients with glucose-e-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Rhabdomyolysis can be a complication of recurrent seizures. 

It is recognized that the activities of the various tocopherols relative to the alpha form differ depending upon whether the measurement is made in terms of depression of respiration of liver slices or of preventing the hemolysis of erythrocytes. 

Arsenazo III (quantitation at 650-700 nm) at pH 5.6-7.8, initially introduced on the Kodak Ektachem dry reagent multilayer system, has now been adapted for use on a number of wet chemistry random access analyzers. Magnesium shows no interference but gross hemolysis may depress the calcium result. At low calcium concentrations, this technique gives slightly higher results than either the flame or o-cresolphthalein complexone (approximately 0.1 mmol/liter higher at a concentration of 1.60 mmol/liter). 

In diseases where rapid blood destruction occurs, as in malaria, typhus, or hemolysis due to organic chemicals, antibodies, and toxins, etc., much bilirubin is excreted in the bile, leading to elevated bilane values in the intestinal tract. Greater amounts of the bilanes are resorbed, and the bilane values in the urine are increased as determined by the Ehrlich p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reaction. When the liver is injured or its activity is depressed, re-excretion of the bilienes and bilanes are depressed, and these compounds appear in the urine. If bilirubin is prevented from entering the intestines, as in cancer of the bile duct, the stools will be clay colored and bilanes will be absent. If the biliary tract is infected with fecal bacteria, a local reduction of bilirubin may occur to a biliene which is dextrorotatory d-urobilin, in contrast to the levorotatory stercobilin which is formed in the lower intestinal tract. 

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