Emotional lability

Acute benzene poisoning results in CNS depression and is characterized by an initial euphoria followed by staggered gait, stupor, coma, and convulsions. Exposure to approximately 4000 ppm benzene results in complete loss of consciousness. Insomnia, agitation, headache, nausea, and drowsiness may persist for weeks after exposure (126). Continued inhalation of benzene to the point of euphoria has caused irreversible encephalopathy with tremulousness, emotional lability, and diffuse cerebral atrophy (125). In deaths arising from acute exposure, respiratory tract infection, hypo- and hyperplasia of sternal bone marrow, congested kidneys, and cerebral edema have been found at autopsy. 

Lethargy, dizziness, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, sexual dysfunction, headache, emotional lability, depression, sweating, acne, breast atrophy, peripheral edema, lower urinary trad symptoms, hot flashes, pain, edema, upper respiratory tract infedion, rash... 

Mental disturbances have been reported after organophosphate exposure. Neuropsychiatric symptoms occurred in two aerial applicators, one of whom used methyl parathion as well as other insecticides. One of these pilots had high levels of exposure to a mixture containing methyl parathion, toxaphene, and Dipterex when his clothing became saturated when the tank of his aircraft accidentally overflowed. Several months after the accident, the subject complained of anxiety, dizziness, emotional lability, and frequent and severe disagreements with family members and associates. Similar observations had been... 

Our experience with inpatient and outpatient treatment of PCP abuse was not very successful, similar to experiences reported in the literature. A few authors have commented on the difficulties in treating PCP abusers, citing their impaired attention span and concentration, emotional lability, impulsiveness, poor group interaction, and low tolerance for confrontation (Bolter 1980 ... 

Psychiatric changes such as depression, emotional lability, psychosis, euphoria, anxiety, and decreased cognition (85%)... 

Emotional lability and impaired self-control ° Poor marital and socioeconomic performance... 

Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include nervousness, anxiety, palpitations, emotional lability, easy fatigability, heat intolerance, loss of weight concurrent with an increased appetite, increased frequency of bowel movements, proximal muscle weakness (noted on climbing stairs or arising from a sitting position), and scanty or irregular menses in women. 

Giddiness, tension, anxiety, jitteriness, restlessness, emotional lability, excessive dreaming, insomnia, nightmares, headaches, tremor, withdrawal and depression, bursts of slow waves of elevated voltage in EEC, especially on over-ventilation, drowsiness, difficult concentration, slowness on recall, confusion, slurred speech, ataxia, generalized weakness, coma, with absence of reflexes, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, convulsions, depression of respiratory and circulatory centers, with dyspnea, cyanosis, and fall in blood pressure. 

A variety of kinds of evidence have linked emotional behavior to hormones. Two conditions, the menstrual cycle and menopause, have been the focus of a great deal of research on human behavior. In addition, gender differences in the prevalence of mental illnesses have been used as indirect evidence for possible hormonal effects on emotional disorders. For example, depression is more common in women than in men. In contrast, a pubertal onset of schizophrenia is more common in males than females (Hafner, et al., 1993), although the lifetime occurrence of schizophrenia is approximately equal in men and women (Seeman, 1996). Effects of hormones on emotional lability in men are described above in the context of aggression. 

Device-related Device-related events (foreign body sensation, coital problems, device expulsion), vaginal symptoms (discomfort/vaginitis/leukorrhea), headache, emotional lability, and weight gain. 

Significant adverse reactions include edema vaginitis nervousness emotional lability hepatic dysfunction elevated blood pressure pelvic pain carpal tunnel syndrome sleep disorders fatigue tremor visual disturbances anxiety depression gastroenteritis. 

Adverse reactions may include death, convulsions, headache, injection site pain, increased sweating, fatigue, cutaneous vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, agitation, dry mouth, tremors, palpitations, insomnia, dyspnea, hyperventilation, emotional lability, abnormal/blurred vision, and paresthesia. 

Adverse reactions in at least 3% of patients include the following Asthenia, somnolence, dizziness, tremor, ataxia, emotional lability, abnormal thinking, amnesia, euphoria, hypesthesia, nervousness, paresthesia, insomnia, depression, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased appetite. 

Adverse reactions occurring in at least 3% of patients include somnolence, weight gain, hostility, emotional lability, nausea/vomiting, bronchitis, viral infections, fever, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, nystagmus, rhinitis, diplopia, amblyopia, tremor, asthenia, headache, peripheral edema, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth. 

Adverse reactions that occurred in 3% or more of patients include the following abnormal gait, abdominal pain, accidental injury, amblyopia, asthenia, ataxia, confusion, cough increased, depression, diarrhea, difficulty with concentration/attention, difficulty with memory, dizziness, ecchymosis, emotional lability, flu syndrome, hostility, infection, insomnia, myalgia, nausea, nervousness, paresthesia, pain (unspecified), pharyngitis, rash, somnolence, speech disorder, tremor, urinary tract infection, vomiting. 

Serious psychiatric adverse experiences (aggressive reactions, agitation, delusions, emotional lability, mania, neurosis, paranoia, psychosis, suicide) have been... 

Amnesia, anxiety emotional lability cough, sinusitis, anorexia, diplopia Serious Reactions... 

Restlessness, emotional lability, paresthesia, flushing, paradoxical reaction Serious Reactions... 

Dizziness, headache, fatigue, fever, insomnia, irritability, depression, emotional lability, impaired concentration, alopecia, rash, pruritus, nausea, anorexia, dyspepsia, vomiting, decreased hemoglobin, hemolysis, arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain, dyspnea, sinusitis, flu-like symptoms Occasional (1 %-10%)... 

Studies at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have detailed the clinical characteristics of patients in the PANDAS subgroup (Swedo et al., 1998). The rate of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in this population is quite striking. Twenty of the 50 children (40%) met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and/or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), 18 (36%) for major depressive disorder, 14 (28%) for overanxious disorder, and 10 (20%) for separation anxiety disorder. Six children (12%) were enuretic, often episodically and closely correlated with periods of OCD and tic exacerbations. Depressive symptoms, ADHD, and separation anxiety disorder also waxed and waned in concert with the OCD/ tic symptoms. In addition, exacerbations of OCD and tics were accompanied frequently by the acute onset of choreiform movements (clinically distinct from chorea), emotional lability and irritability, tactile/sensory defensiveness, motoric hyperactivity, messy handwriting, and symptoms of separation anxiety (Perlmutter et al., 1998 Becker et al., 2000). 

Mania. Mania and hypomania can also occur in children and adolescents on SSRIs, and, again, it is not known if there is an added developmental risk (Ven-kataraman et al., 1992). In a fluoxetine treatment study for depression, 3 (of 48) patients developed manic symptoms, even after excluding patients with psychotic depression, bipolar symptoms, or a family history of bipolar disorder (Emslie et al., 1997). In a paroxetine treatment study for depression, 5 adolescents (of 93) were removed for emotional lability and 1 for eupho-ria/expansive mood (Keller et al., 2001). 

Weight loss, word-finding difficulties poorconcentration fatigue, emotional lability... 

Because the symptoms are so disruptive to the family and to the child, conduct disorder is one of the most common reasons for referral to a pediatrician or child psychiatrist. In patients with MR, this disorder is seen less as organized, planned illicit activities and more as impulsive, unpredictable acts of violence or destruction. Such individuals may exhibit aggression toward caregivers, teachers, family members, or themselves, and they may be emotionally labile. If behavior therapy has not been effective, pharmacological treatment may be necessary. 

Divalproex (Depakote) was found to reduce temper outbursts and emotional lability in 10 adolescents with conduct disorder (Donovan et al., 1997). Studies of carbamazepine have yielded conflicting results. Cueva et al. (1996) did not find carbamazepine to be more effective than placebo in treating children hospitalized for conduct disorder in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. As in the case of lithium, side effects (rashes, leukopenia, nausea, drowsiness) can be an issue with carbamazepine, offsetting its use. 

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