Hazardous wastes biodegradation

Biological degradation Reduction of concentration Biodegradable organics Most hazardous wastes do not... 

U.S. EPA, Engineering Bulletin Slurry Biodegradation, EPA/540/2-90/016, Hazardous Waste Engineering Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Washington, 1990. 

Kuhn EP, Suflita JM (1989) Anaerobic biodegradation of nitrogen-substituted and sulfonated benzene aquifer contaminants. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 6(2) 121-134... 

On the other hand, Aboul-Kassim [1] assessed the environmental impact of hazardous waste materials in landfills by (1) characterizing the different organic compound fractions present in such wastes and their leachates, (2) determining the toxic effect of each fraction and individual organic compounds, and (3) studying the chemodynamics (i.e., fate and transport) of such leachates by using a battery of laboratory experiments (such as sorption/desorption, photolysis, volatilization, biodegradation). 

Microbial aggregates used in hazardous waste treatment. Microorganisms are key biotechnology agents because of their diverse biodegradation and biotransformation abihties and their small size. They have high ratios of biomass surface to biomass volume, which ensure... 

Production and use of biodegradable containers. Biotechnological formation of chemical substances (H2S, Fe ) used for the collection of hazardous substances. Biotreatment and biodegradation of hazardous waste. Immobilization of hazardous substances from the streams. Solubilization of hazardous substances from waste. Biodegradation of hazardous substances. Immobilization/solubibzation of hazardous substances. Biotransformation and detoxication of hazardous substances. Solubilization/precipitation and recycling of heavy metals from waste. 

One difference between these systems and the biological treatment of nonhazardous wastewater is that the exhaust air may contain volatile hazardous substances or intermediate biodegradation products. Therefore, the air must be treated as secondary hazardous wastes by physical, chemical, physico-chemical, or biological methods. Other secondary hazardous wastes may include the biomass of microorganisms that may accumulate volatile hazardous substances or intermediate products of their biodegradation. This hazardous liquid or semisolid waste must be properly treated, incinerated, or disposed. 

Gealt, M.A. Levin, M.A. Shields, M. Use of altered microorganisms for field biodegradation of hazardous materials. In Biotreatment of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Levin, M.A., Gealt, M.A., Eds. McGraw-Hill, Inc NY, 1993 197-206. 

Table 1 can be used as a guide to define hazardous wastes from textile plants. Besides the direct toxicity of substances like chlorinated hydrocarbons, organo-Hg compounds, or concentrated alkaline solutions, other parameters have been defined with regard to problems during biodegradation or accumulation in the sludge from CWWT. A particular situation is found with colored effluents, where limits for spectral absorption have been defined. While the toxicity of textile dyes is comparably low, these limits were derived from the visual aspect of the water released from a textile plant because they look unhealthy. ... 

These have been somewhat limited examples of the contribution of new molecular methods in developing environmental biotechnology for hazardous wastes. Collectively, these and other developing methods such as highly sensitive biochemi< detection techniques will provide revolutionaiy new ways to analyze the complexity, activity, and performance of biodegradative processes in the environment and in waste treatment technology. 

For this reason, additional studies on carbon tetrachloride flux rates into and out of surface water, as well as refined quantitative estimates of aquatic fate processes would be valuable. The chemical is expected to evaporate rapidly from soil due to its high vapor pressure and may migrate into groundwater due to its low soil adsorption coefficient. No data are available on biodegradation in soil. Additional studies to determine degradation rates and the extent to which adsorption has occurred would be useful. These data are also useful in evaluating the impact of carbon tetrachloride leaching from hazardous waste sites. 

Tabak, H. H. Govind, R. (1993). Development of nonlinear group contribution method for prediction of biodegradation kinetics from respirometrically derived kinetic data. In Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management III, ed. D. W. Tedder F. G. Pohland, ACS Symposium Series 518, pp. 159-90. Washington, DC American Chemical Society. 

Ghosh, S. Sun, M. L. (1992). Anaerobic biodegradation of benzene under acidogenic fermentation condition. In Proceedings of the Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, ed. L. E. Erickson, S. C. Grant J. P. McDonald, pp. 208-18. Manhattan, KS Engineering Extension. 

Berg, J. D. Eggen, T. (1991)- Enhanced composting for cold-climate biodegradation of organic contamination in soil. In Proceedings, Third EPA Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Technologies, Dallas, Texas, June 11-13, pp- 17-36. 

Liang, R. McFarland, M. J. (1994). Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol in soil amended with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Hazardous Waste Hazardous Materials, 11, 411-21. 

Studies on the migration and in situ biodegradation of chlorobenzene in hazardous waste sites are being conducted in the laboratory of Perry McCarty and others. 

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