Aquifers contamination

Bioremediation is also an option when spills of such compounds contaminate groundwater. For example, bioremediation seems a feasible treatment for aquifers contaminated with alkylpyridines (72) and phenol (73). 

Hutchins and co-workers. Nitrate for Biorestoration of an Aquifer Contaminated with Jet Fuel, ReportforJune 1988—Sept. 1990, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation with Solar Universal Technologies, Inc., NSI Technology Services Corp., Traverse Group, Inc., and 9th Coast Guard District, 1991. 

The fate of toluene and o-xylene in an aquifer contaminated with BTEX was examined by injecting toluene-dj and o-xylene-djo followed by quantification of the label in benzyl succinate and 2-methylbenzene succinate (Reusser et al. 2002) that are established metabolites on the anaerobic pathway for the degradation of toluene and o-xylene. 

Sonier DN, NLDuran, GB Smith (1994) Dechlorination of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) by sulfate-reducing bacteria from an aquifer contaminated with halogenated aliphatic compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4567-4572. 

To recondition the pots, the potliner is dug out and discarded Prior to discovery of the Spokane aquifer contamination, the procedure had been to remove the pot to an outdoor concrete slab where the pot was filled with water and allowed to soak for a few days to fracture and soften the cathode The contaminated water was presumably reused for soaking and not discharged to the industrial waste treatment system because of the cyanide content The pots were Jack-hammered and the potliner dumped on the slab The potliner was transfered by a front-end loader to an unprotected pile next to the slab ... 

Kuhn EP, Suflita JM (1989) Anaerobic biodegradation of nitrogen-substituted and sulfonated benzene aquifer contaminants. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 6(2) 121-134... 

Bekins B. A., E. M. Godsy and E. Warren, 1999, Distribution of microbial physiologic types in an aquifer contaminated by crude oil. Microbial Ecology 37, 263-275. 

Soller, D. R. and Berg, R. C., 1992, A Model for the Assessment of Aquifer Contamination Potential Based on Regional Geologic Framework Environmental Geology and Water Science, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 205-213. 

Remediation of aquifers contaminated with NAPLs is a multitask endeavor. NAPL can occur in several forms ... 

The environmental impact of sulfonylurea herbicides is also of significance. Based on hydrolytic studies, Dinelli et al. [168] predicted the dissipation rate of four herbicides following aquifer contamination. The chemical... 

Keywords Aquifer contamination Confining layer Costs Environmental concerns Receptor zones Site selection Well design Well drilling... 

The two-zone plume interception treatment technology is designed to treat chlorinated and nonchlorinated organic compounds in groundwater using a sequence of anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The in situ technology has been applied to aquifers contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) petroleum products hydrocarbons coal tar wastes and industrial feedstock chemicals. The technology does not treat metals. 

Oxygenation of an aquifer contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using membrane gas transfer modules cost approximately 2.75 per day in 1995 (D130585, p. 526). 

The groundwater aquifer is assumed to be contaminated with 5% PCE (calculated as the volume of PCE per volume of aquifer contaminated). 

Reductive biotransformation of a contaminant can occur when the contaminant serves as the terminal electron acceptor. Many contaminants that are recalcitrant to bio-oxidation will undergo reductive biotransformations. These biotransformations can lead to detoxification, mineralization, or changes in the mobility of the targeted contaminant. Hexavalent chromium and tetra-chloroethene (PCE) have been investigated as candidates for reductive biotransformation. This technology may be most applicable for in situ remediation for the following scenarios PCE contamination, low-yield aquifers, areas contaminated by both alkylbenzenes and chlorinated ethenes, and deep aquifer contamination. 

In situ bioremediation has also been proposed for the cleanup of aquifers contaminated by solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloroethylene (DCE). Compounds like TCE are usually not degraded as sole sources of carbon and... 

United Kingdom England Sandstone aquifer contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons and petrochemicals 22 samples... 

Sparling, G.P. and J. Aislabie (1996). Soil type affects the rate of atrazine decomposition and potential for aquifer contamination. 

Juracek, K.E. and E.M. Thurman (1997). Assessing aquifer contamination risk using immunoassay Trace analysis of atrazine in unsaturated zone sediments. J. Environ. Qual., 26 1080-1089. 

Fig. 16.9 Geological cross-section, Avon, South Dakota. An old corroded well short-circuited the deep pressurized Codell aquifer and the shallow Dakota aquifer, contaminating the latter. (From Jorgensen, 1968.)...

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