Degradation, biological

Some compounds can be degraded biologically only after extended periods of seed acclimation. 

It has been found that partial oxidation is satisfactoiy as a pre-treatment to biological or carbon adsorption treatment. Partial oxidation often seems to make recalcitrant organics easier to degrade biologically and easier to adsorb. 

Leachate can also be degraded biologically in situ at the landfill site. Conditions within the landfill are controlled to encourage microbial activity, and leachate is recirculated through the... 

Destruction efficiency for biological treatment is typically up to 95%, but some VOCs are very difficult to degrade. Biological treatment is limited to low concentration streams (typically less than 1000 ppm) with flowrates typically less than 100,000 m lv1. 

The ideal predictive tool for degradation will link an appropriate metabolic pathway with a response that indicates actual degradation. Biological tools capable of fulfilling this requirement have become readily available in recent years, though few researchers have made the linkage with QSARs. 

Entry, J. A., Donnelly, P. K. Cromack, K. (1991). Influence of ectomycorrhizal mat soils on lignin and cellulose degradation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 11, 75-8. 

Further research is planned to find out either operating conditions able to degrade biologically these refractory substances or physicochemical treatment to cope with biological methods to solve completely the problem of olive oil waste water discharge. 

Monochloroacetaldehyde is a valuable intermediate for the synthesis of organics. Normally such chlorinated products are burnt thermally or decomposed by alkali others are also degraded biologically. Oxalic acid forms insoluble copper oxalate. It is thermally decomposed continuously by heating a small sidestream of the catalyst according to eq. (30). 

This book focuses on the chemical persistence and ocotoxicological behavior of pesticides In soil, water, and plants. Recent research data are presented on transport, adsorption and absorption, accumulation, degradation, biological effects, aquatic toxicity, air pollution, exposure, and risk estimation. 

In the following section, partitioning and transformation processes are discussed. Processes that may cause a disappearance of dissolved compounds in river systems are volatization, chemical degradation, biological degradation and adsorption to particulate matter. 

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