Organic compounds, difference

The hydrocarbons are the basic framework for all organic compounds. Different classes of organic compounds have one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced by other atoms or groups of atoms. All we need to be aware of at this stage are the three classes of compounds known as alcohols, carboxylic acids, and haloalkanes ... 

How do the structures of various organic compounds differ What chemical reactions are typical of these compounds ... 

Problem 1.2 How do the boiling points, melting points, and solubilities of covalent organic compounds differ from those of salts Account for the differences. 

As stated earlier, the rate constants of ozone with organic compounds differ greatly for both types of processes (Table 3). The first reaction is important in acid media and for solutes that react very fast with ozone such as, for example, unsaturated compounds and compounds containing amine or acid groups. The results support the electrophilic nature of the reaction, either by electrophilic substitution or by dipolar cycloaddition [37]. This route leads to a very limited mineralization of the organic compounds, and its use for the removal of pollutants must be reinforced by modification of the method. 

The polarographic analysis of biological material for determining organic compounds differs from that of inorganic components (p. 252). The... 

The electrochemistry of a protonated organic compound differs in many cases from that of the neutral molecule, and the strength of the acid necessary for protonation of the substrate must be considered. Sulfuric acid and acetic acid, often containing some water, have generally been used. When high acidities are desired, fluorosulfonic acid may be used. 

For the molecular analyses of organic compounds, differences in the physical properties of molecules are helpful in identifying them. These chromatographic methods are defined by specific properties, such as volatility and solubility, which are used to separate individual compounds. Such separation methods are commonly used in combination with mass spectrometers to sort and identify molecules by their weight. 

Figure 15.2 The chemical diversity of organic compounds. Different arrangements of chains, branches, rings, and heteroatoms give rise to many structures. There are 23 different compounds possi-bie from just four C atoms joined by singie bonds, one O atom, and the necessary H atoms.

Some acids (e.g., acetic and citric) have a sour taste. In fact, sourness had been a defining property since the 17 " century an acid was any substance that had a sour taste reacted with active metals, such as aluminum and zinc, to produce hydrogen gas and turned certain organic compounds characteristic colors. (We discuss indicators later and in Chapter 19.) A base was any substance that had a bitter taste and slippery feel and turned the same organic compounds different characteristic colors. (Please remember NEVER to taste or touch laboratory chemicals instead, try some acetic acid in the form of vinegar on your next salad.) Moreover, it was known that when acids and bases react, each cancels the properties of the other in a process called neutralization. But definitions in science evolve because, as descriptions become too limited, they must be replaced by broader ones. Although the early definitions of acids and bases described distinctive properties, they inevitably gave way to definitions based on molecular behavior. 

Planning the preparations of isotopically labeled organic compounds differs in significant respects. In addition to particular conditions for construction strategy within isotope labeling, the reconstitution and the derivatization strategies are additional options for isotope labeling. 

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