Biodegradeability kinetics

Battersby NS (1990) A review of biodegradation kinetics in the aquatic environment. Chemosphere 21 1243-1284. 

Jin G, AJ Englande (1997) Biodegradation kinetics of carbon tetrachloride by Pseudomonas cepacia under varying oxzidation-reduction potential conditions. Water Environ Res 69 1094-1099. 

Larson, R.J. Role of biodegradation kinetics in predicting environmental fate, in Biotransformation and Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment, Maki, A.W., Dickson, K.L., and Cairns, J., Jr, Eds., American Society of Microbiology, Washington, 1980, pp. 67-86. 

Majewski M, Galle T, Yargeau V, Fischer K (2011) Active heterotrophic biomass and sludge retention time (SRT) as determining factors for biodegradation kinetics of pharmaceuticals in activated sludge. Bioresour Technol 102 7415-7421... 

Guha, S. and Jaffe, P. R. (1996). Biodegradation kinetics of phenanthrene partitioned into the micellar phase of nonionic surfactants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 605 611. 

Guha, S., Peters, C. A. and Jaffe, P. R. (1999). Multisubstrate biodegradation kinetics of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene mixtures, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 65, 491-499. 

Finally, assuming bioavailability and biouptake do not limit the rate of biodegradation, then we expect the biodegradation kinetics to reflect the rate of growth due to utilization of a substrate or the rate of enzyme processing of that compound (both discussed in more details below). In these cases, the rate of biotransformation, khm, has been studied as a function of the substrate s concentration in the aqueous media in which the microorganisms or enzymes occur. Hence, for an environmental system, we can write ... 

Table 1.1. Biodegradation kinetics in wastewater treatment plants and equilibrium constants...

Tabak, H. H. Govind, R. (1993). Development of nonlinear group contribution method for prediction of biodegradation kinetics from respirometrically derived kinetic data. In Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management III, ed. D. W. Tedder F. G. Pohland, ACS Symposium Series 518, pp. 159-90. Washington, DC American Chemical Society. 

The interaction of bacteria with solid surfaces including soil may have a variety of indirect and direct impacts on the cell (van Loosdrecht et al., 1990). Direct impacts result from changes in microbial membranes (e.g., permeability to various substrates) resulting from a surface interaction. Indirect impacts related to microbial activity are a result of modification of the immediate environment of the cell (e.g., alteration of substrate availability) (Harms Zehnder, 1994). The influences of soil colloids on general microbial processes (Stotzky, 1986) and biodegradation kinetics of organic contaminants (Scow, 1993) have been summarized. However, two areas specifically pertinent to bioremediation will be described. 

Parsons, J.R. Sijm, D.T. H.M. (1988). Biodegradation kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyls in continuous cultures of a Pseudomonas strain. Chemosphere, 17, 1755-66. 

Brown, S. C., Grady, C. P. L., Jr Tabak, H. H. (1990). Biodegradation kinetics of substituted phenolics demonstration of a protocol based on electrolytic respirometry. Water Research, 24, 853-61. 

Dang, J.S., Harvey, M., Jobbagy, A. Grady, C. P. L., Jr (1989). Evaluation of biodegradation kinetics with respirometric data. Research Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 61, 1711-21. 

For example, Schmidt et al. (1985) developed 12 kinetic models for the metabolism of organic chemicals that are not supporting bacterial growth. Assignment of the appropriate kinetic model requires measurement of sufficient experimental points on the disappearance curve. Often insufficient data points are collected to assign a kinetic model, especially with screening studies. Temperature definitely has an impact on the biodegradation kinet- 2000 CRC Press LLC... 

Desai, M.D., R. Govind, and H.H. Tabak. 1990. Development of quantitative structure-activity relationships for predicting biodegradation kinetics. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9 473-477. 

Hales, S.G., T. Feijtel, H. King, K. Fox, and W. Verstraete. 1997. Biodegradation Kinetics Generation and Use of Data for Regulatory Decision Making. SETAC-Europe Workshop - Port-Sunlight, UK 4-6 Sept. 1996, SETAC-Europe Brussels. 

Cassani, G., M. Lazzarin, G. Nucci, and L. Cavalli. 1996. Biodegradation kinetics of linear alkyl-benzenesulfonates (LAS) and alcohol ethoxylates (AE). Poster Presentation. SETAC 1996, Washington. 

For this example, using a dynamic policy, as opposed to a static policy, is far more important than using flexible-length management periods instead of fixed-length periods. However, there were no time-dependent fate and transport mechanisms in this problem, such as mass-transfer limitations or biodegradation kinetics. Time-dependent mechanisms may increase the importance of flexibility in the time domain. Thus, the second dynamic example will include mass-transfer limitations. 

Tabak, H.H., Govind, R. (1993) Prediction of biodegradation kinetics using a nonlinear group contribution method. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12, 251-260. 

BIOPLUME III is a public domain transport code that is based on the MOC (and, therefore, is 2-D). The code was developed to simulate the natural attenuation of a hydrocarbon contaminant under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Hydrocarbon degradation is assumed due to biologically mediated redox reactions, with the hydrocarbon as the electron donor, and oxygen, nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide, sequentially, as the electron acceptors. Biodegradation kinetics can be modeled as either a first-order, instantaneous, or Monod process. Like the MOC upon which it is based, BIOPLUME III also models advection, dispersion, and linear equilibrium sorption [67]. 

Keywords Natural attenuation Hysteresis Adsorption Desorption Biodegradation Kinetics Remediation Chlorinated organics Partition coefficients... 

Al-Bashir B, Hawari J, Samson R, Leduc R (1994) Behavior of nitrogen-substituted naphthalenes in flooded soil. Part II. Effect of bioavailability of biodegradation kinetics. Water Res 28(8) 1827-1833... 

Ledakowicz S, Solecka M (2000) Impact of Advanced Oxidation Processes on the Biodegradation Kinetics of Industrial Waste-water, Wat. Sci. Technol. 41, No. 12 157— 164. 

---