From textiles

Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Industrial wastewaters require different treatments depending on their sources. Plating waste contains toxic metals that are precipitated and insolubiHzed with lime (see Electroplating). Iron and other heavy metals are also precipitated from waste-pidde Hquor, which requires acid neutralization. Akin to pickle Hquor is the concentrated sulfuric acid waste, high in iron, that accumulates in smokeless powder ordinance and chemical plants. Lime is also useful in clarifying wastes from textile dyeworks and paper pulp mills and a wide variety of other wastes. Effluents from active and abandoned coal mines also have a high sulfuric acid and iron oxide content because of the presence of pyrite in coal. 

A nonwoven fabric can be assembled by mechanically, chemically, or thermally interlocking layers or networks of fibers, filaments, or yams. Fabrics made from textile fibers in this manner have been classified as dry-laid nonwovens. 

Heavy Metals. Heavy metals of particular concern in the treatment of wastewaters include copper, chromium, 2inc, cadmium, mercury, lead, and nickel. They are usually present in the form of organic complexes, especially in wastewaters generated from textiles finishing and dye chemicals manufacture. 

Aerated Lagoons. Aerated lagoons are 2—5 mhquid depth depending on the aeration system and detention times are 2—10 days. They are mainly used because of their efficiency in removing BOD from textile effluents (2). 

Automatic Dishwashing. There are many differences between laundering and automatic dishwashing. The hard surfaces present in the latter process differ from textiles because they are impermeable to sods therefore, cleaning fluids have better access to the sods. 

Trichlorobenzene 0.07 0.07 Changes in adrenal glands Discharge from textile finishing factories... 

Dyes from textile manufacturing that produce steam discoloration and may also present some chemical incompatibility (with amine treatments for example)... 

Color in water (apart from textile dyes, etc.) often is caused by the degradation of natural organic matter, resulting in colloidal humic and fiilvic acids. These are best removed by precipitation with metal salts, but performance may be improved with high-charge cationic polymers. 

Production of pulp from textiles (e.g., rags), cotton linters, flax, hemp, tobacco, and abaca to make cigarette wrap papers and other specialty paper products... 

Each factor may affect the others, depending on relative concentrations and pH. Cucurbituril requires quite strongly acidic conditions for solubilisation, hence its use in textile processing is likely to be very limited. It has mostly been investigated in connection with the removal of colour from textile effluents [46,48-53]. 

K. Pawlak, M. Puchalska, A. Miszczak, E. Rosloniec and M. Jarosz, Blue natural organic dyestuffs from textile dyeing to mural painting. Separation and characterization of coloring matters present in elderberry, logwood and indigo, J. Mass Spectrom., 41, 613 622 (2006). 

Effluent, sludge from textile treatment Direct Black-38, yeast extract Enterococcus gallinarum [46, 66]... 

Pearce Cl, Lloyd JR, Guthrie JT (2003) The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells a review. Dyes Pigm 58 179-196... 

Khalid A, Arshad M, Crowley DE (2009) Biodegradation potential of pure and mixed bacterial cultures for removal of 4-nitroanaline from textile dye wastewater. Wat Res 43 1110-1116... 

Tincher W, Weinberg M, Stephens S (1988) Electrochemical removal of dyes and chemicals from textile wastewater, AATCC Annual Technical Conf, Knoxville, Tenn, through Ref [312]... 

The chemicals featured in the behavior of many organisms also touch our own lives in important ways. They provide a sizable fraction of modern medicines, as well as perfumes, pesticides, and other products ranging from textiles to glue. Some of these chemicals have been in use for thousands of years and have intriguing histories. Others offer ways to save threatened environments all affect our own lives, and some do so profoundly. 

Cotton garnetters and waste recyclers process a variety of materials including SCMW from textile manufacturers, motes from... 

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