Biodegradation of Hazardous Wastes

Production and use of biodegradable containers. Biotechnological formation of chemical substances (H2S, Fe ) used for the collection of hazardous substances. Biotreatment and biodegradation of hazardous waste. Immobilization of hazardous substances from the streams. Solubilization of hazardous substances from waste. Biodegradation of hazardous substances. Immobilization/solubibzation of hazardous substances. Biotransformation and detoxication of hazardous substances. Solubilization/precipitation and recycling of heavy metals from waste. 

Aust SD, Bourquin A, Loper JC, et al. 1994. Biodegradation of hazardous wastes. Environ Health Perspect Suppl 102(1 ) 245-252. 

On the other hand, Aboul-Kassim [1] assessed the environmental impact of hazardous waste materials in landfills by (1) characterizing the different organic compound fractions present in such wastes and their leachates, (2) determining the toxic effect of each fraction and individual organic compounds, and (3) studying the chemodynamics (i.e., fate and transport) of such leachates by using a battery of laboratory experiments (such as sorption/desorption, photolysis, volatilization, biodegradation). 

The CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances has been annotated with information on the types of wastes and the possible biotechnological treatment methods, as shown in Table 1. The remarks on biotreatabihty of these hazardous substances are based on data from numerous papers, reviews, and books on this topic [4-8]. Databases are available on the biodegradation of hazardous substances. Eor example, the Biodegradative Strain Database [9] (bsd.cme.msu.edu) can be used to select suitable microbial strains for biodegradation applications, while the... 

Thermal pretreatment of waste can enhance the biodegradability of hazardous substance. Homogenization/suspension of solid wastes or nondissolved sludges in water will increase the surface of the waste particles and, as result of this, the rate of biodegradation wiU also be increased. 

Gealt, M.A. Levin, M.A. Shields, M. Use of altered microorganisms for field biodegradation of hazardous materials. In Biotreatment of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Levin, M.A., Gealt, M.A., Eds. McGraw-Hill, Inc NY, 1993 197-206. 

Adriaens P. and Hickey W. J. (1994) Physiology of biodegradative microorganisms. In Biotechnology for the Treatment of Hazardous Waste (ed. D. L. Stoner). Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, pp. 45-71. 

Biodegradation of environmental pollutants by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporlum. In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Research Symposium on Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Waste. EPA/600/9-85/028. 1985. 

Wang, Y. T., P. C. Pai, and J. L. Latchaw. 1989. Evaluating anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of ozonation products of resistant phenolic compounds. Proceedings of the International Conference on Physicochemical and Biological Detoxification of Hazardous Wastes, 1988, Vol. 2, ed. Y. C. Wu, pp. 759-71. Lancaster, PA Technomic. 

In general, sorption of hazardous waste solutes is higher above the water table in the unsatu-rated zone of soil. This region tends to have a higher surface area and to favor oxic biodegradation processes. 

Explain the best way to obtain microorganisms to be used in the treatment of hazardous wastes by biodegradation. 

Fernando, T. and S. D. Aust. 1991. Biodegradation of munition waste, TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), and RDX (hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, p. 214-232. In D.W. Tedder and F.G. Pohland (eds.). Emerging technologies in hazardous waste management II. American Chemistry Society, Washington, D.C. 

Biological degradation Reduction of concentration Biodegradable organics Most hazardous wastes do not... 

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