Hamster kidney

In the procedure for the surface test (313), the vims is grown in a monolayer of baby hamster kidney cells and incubated in Eagles medium supplemented with tryptose phosphate broth and calf semm. After separation of the vims from the cells by sonification and centrifugation, amounts of the suspension containing 3 x 10 plaque-forrning units are dried on coversHps. The inoculated coversHps are placed in 5 ml of the disinfectant for 1, 5, or 10 min, then rinsed, sonicated, and assayed. 

Another application shows the preparative purification and polishing of a therapeutic fusion protein with a humanized recombinant IgG protein. The fusion protein was expressed by the fermentation of baby hamster kidney cells. The filtered culture supernatant (155 liters) contained 2.2 g of IgG and 75.5 g of total protein. After the immunoglobulins were isolated by expanded bed adsorption and rebuffering, the IgG fraction was bound to Fractogel EMD SOj (M). This column achieved baseline separation of complete antibodies (fusion protein) from small amounts of antibodies lacking the fusion part. The resulting highly purified IgG fraction (110 ml) was diluted to 150 ml and... 

For assaying herpes virus, monolayers of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells are used. Virus titre is expressed as the number of plaque-forming units (pfu) per millilitre before and after exposure to a disinfectant, so that the virucidal efficacy of the test agent can be determined. A diagrammatic representation is given in Fig. 11.7. 

Kratje, R. B., Reimann, A., Hammer, J., and Wagner, R., Cultivation of Recombinant Baby Hamster Kidney Cells in a Fluidized Bed Bioreactor System with Porous Borosilicate Glass, Biotechnol. Prog., 10 410 (1994)... 

Many of the initial biopharmaceuticals approved were simple replacement proteins (e.g. blood factors and human insulin). The ability to alter the amino acid sequence of a protein logically coupled to an increased understanding of the relationship between protein structure and function (Chapters 2 and 3) has facilitated the more recent introduction of several engineered therapeutic proteins (Table 1.3). Thus far, the vast majority of approved recombinant proteins have been produced in the bacterium E. coli, the yeast S. cerevisiae or in animal cell lines (most notably Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. These production systems are discussed in Chapter 5. 

In addition to fluorescence methods, another study [27] developed a method to permit electron microscopic localization of Ras anchor domains on cytoplasmic membrane surfaces by immunogold labeling. The particle neighbor distances can be analyzed to obtain information about possible domain structure. Expressing H-Ras and K-Ras in baby hamster kidney cells, a nonrandom particle distribution was obtained from which the estimated mean raft size was 7.5-22 nm and about 35% of the membrane area consists of rafts. The same technique applied to cells that had been incubated with [3-cydodextrin to reduce cholesterol produced completely random distributions of H-Ras. This cholesterol dependence suggests some type of coupling of rafts across the inner and outer membrane leaflets. 

Li+ has significant inhibitory effects upon DNA viruses, in particular HSV which has been studied in depth. It was originally shown that Li+ inhibits viral replication in a dose-dependent, reversible manner in HSV-infected baby hamster kidney cells [240], and this has been found to be due to a Li+-induced decrease in the synthesis of viral DNA [241]. It is now well established that Li+ inhibits DNA synthesis in HSV types 1 and 2 and in several other DNA viruses, including measles, vaccinia, adenovirus, poxvirus, pseudorabies virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and the bovine, equine, and canine HV s [241]. Interestingly, Li+ has no effect on the replication of RNA viruses, such as influenza or encephalomyo-carditis virus. 

Non-polarising BHK CHO Cos-1, Cos-7 HEK-293 (Baby) Syrian hamster kidney, fibroblast-like Chinese hamster ovary, fibroblast-like African green monkey kidney, fibroblast-like Human embryonic kidney, epithelial... 

M. C. Gehrmann, M. Opper, H. H. Sedlacek, K. Bosslet, J. Czech, Biochemical Properties of Recombinant Human /3-Glucuronidase Synthetized in Baby Hamster Kidney Cells , Biochem. J. 1994, 301, 821 - 828. 

CIEF was also used to follow the production of recombinant antithrombin III (r-AT Iff) in cultures of hamster kidney cells.111 r-AT III inhibits serine proteases such as blood factors (IXa, Xa, and XIa) and thrombin. Interference by the media from which the samples were collected posed some difficulties because some of the media components have similar characteristics to those of the compounds of interest. CIEF was used to determine the pis of the separated components after sample purification by HPLC. Three major peaks showed pis of 4.7, 4.75, and 4.85, and three minor peaks had pis of 5.0, 5.1, and 5.3. These data closely resembled the data already published for serum AT III based on conventional IEF. 

Bacterial hosts are inappropriate choices for expression of proteins such as the blue copper proteins stellacyanin, laccase, and ceruloplasmin which are extensively glycosylated. In these cases, it may be necessary to employ tissue cultures of appropriate origin to obtain the native protein. In this regard, the amino-terminal half of human serum transferrin, which lacks carbohydrate, has been expressed in high yield in baby hamster kidney cells by Funk et al. [13], while the glycosylated carboxyl-terminus has proved to be more problematic [103]. 

Recently, it has been shown that cell-permeable cerantides dramatically inhibited the synthesis of the two major membrane phospholipids, PC and PE (Bladergroen et al, 1999b Allan, 2000). The inhibition of phospholipid synthesis was rapid, within 2 h, and resulted in massive apoptosis after 16-24 h. The mechanism by which short-chain cerantides exert their effect on phospholipid synthesis is possibly cell type dependent. In baby-hamster kidney (BHK) fibroblasts rc synthesis was reduced at the level of CT, the putative rate-determining enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway (Allan, 2000). This conclusion was based solely on radio-label studies in combination with an earlier published observation (Wieder et al, 1995) showing that C2-SM (the SM generated from C2-ceramide by SM synthase, which was actively synthesized in the BHK-cells) inhibited CT activity in vitro. On the other hand, data obtained from studies with rat-2 fibroblasts clearly showed that short-chain cerantides regulate the synthesis of PC and PE mainly at the final step of the CDP-pathways. This conclusion was based on the following observations (a) incorporation of [ H]-choline into PC and... 

Both specificity studies confirmed that bromosulphthalein (BSP) competitively inhibited taurocholate transport by NTCP and OATP. This is in conflict with reports that BSP transport was not sodium dependent, suggesting that OATP was responsible.The reason for this dilference is not clear but may reflect dilferences in the approaches, using isolated rat hepatocytes or transfection to produce cells that stably express the protein. Choice of cell line may also be important as expression of MEH also showed dilferences, with no demonstrable Na" -dependent transport of taurocholate in Syrian hamster kidney cells or oocytes but Na" -dependent transport was shown in Mardin-Darby canine... 

The reader should be aware that other types of cells expressing CD 154 have been used to stimulate CLL cells. These include mouse fibroblast L-cells (NTL) (12, 20, 21, 23, 28) and baby hamster kidney cells (27). The CD 154 NIH3T3 cells used in this study were kindly provided by Dr. Eldering (Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). 

Syrian hamster kidney cells 1983 SV40 induction No data (t) Moore and Coohi11... 

Table 3.8. Expression systems that are/could potentially be used for the production of recombinant biopharmaceutical products (CHO=Chinese hamster ovary BHK=baby hamster kidney)...

Table 3.9. Some biopharmaceuticals currently on the market that are produced by genetic engineering in either E. coli or animal cells. CHO = Chinese hamster ovary cells BHK = baby hamster kidney cells...

Technical advances facilitating genetic manipulation of animal cells now allow routine production of therapeutic proteins in such systems. The major advantage of these systems is their ability to carry out post-translational modification of the protein product. As a result, many biopharmaceuticals that are naturally glycosylated are now produced in animal cell lines (Table 3.9). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells have become particularly popular in this regard. 

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell lines have been most commonly used, in addition to other cell lines, such as various mouse carcinoma cell lines. The recombinant factor VIII product generally contains only VIILC (i.e. is devoid of vWF). However, both clinical and pre-clinical studies have shown that administration of this product to patients suffering from haemophilia A is equally as effective as administering blood-derived factor VIII complex. The recombinant VIILC product appears to bind plasma vWF with equal affinity to native VIILC, upon its injection into the patient s circulatory system. Animal and human pharmacokinetic data reveal no significant difference between the properties of recombinant and native products. 

We have studied CNT influence on growth rate and proliferation of some cellular colonies [29]. Interesting results were obtained in case of bread-making yeast-like fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain 608) and hamster kidney cells. Introduction of small amounts of CNT ( 3 pg/mL) in fungal suspensions led to 2-fold increase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies number compared to the control, after 48 h of incubation at 30°C (Fig. 2.2). Similar results were obtained for colonies of hamster kidney cells. Presence of CNT activated cell proliferation and increased cell growth rate by 1.5 times. 

Cell transformation, Syrian hamster embryo cells, clonal assay Cell transformation, baby hamster kidney BHK-21 cells... 

Danford, N. (1991) The genetie toxicology of or//zo-toluidine. Mutat. Res., 258, 207-236 Daniel, M.R. Dehnel, J.M. (1981) Cell transformation test with baby hamster kidney cells. In de Senes, F.J. Ashby, J., eds, Progress in Mutation Research, Volume 1, Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Collaborative Program, Amsterdam, Elsevier Seienee, pp. 626-637... 

Fig. 2. Effect of serum concentration on the attachment and spreading of BHK-21 cells onto TCP2 surface. BHK-21 cells were seeded in media containing the indicated concentrations of intact serum (open squares), Fn-depleted serum (triangles). Vn-depleted serum (circles), or serum-free medium alone (the single closed square) and the attachment panel (A) and spreading panel (B) of the cells were determined after 90 min culture on TCP (panel (A, B)) Mean SEM. (Reproduced from J. Biomed. Mater. Res. [Ref. 11 Role of serum vitronection and fibronectin in adhesion of fibroblasts following seeding onto tissue culture polystyrene] through the courtesy of John Wiley Sons, Inc.) BHK-21 Fibroblast cell lines from Baby Hamster Kidney 2 Similar results on Primaria are also presented in [Ref 11]...

Hirano et al. [150, 151] immobilized several peptides, RGDS, on ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA, acrylic acid content 20 wt%) film by reacting the amino-terminal of the peptide with the carboxylic acid of the copolymer with the aid of a water-soluble carbodiimide, to form EAA-co-NH-RGDX. Their objective was to examine effect of the fourth residue, X, on the cell-attachment activity of the tetrapeptide, RGDX, where X is S, V and T. They also examined the activity of RGD, YIGSR and YIGSR-NH2 for comparison. The cell lines used were ovary CHO-K1 cell (Chinese hamster), kidney NRK cell... 

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