Infections genital tract

Geneva Conference Geneva ruby Gemstein [446-72-0] Genital tract infections Genital warts... 

Amikacin is indicated for the treatment of genital tract infections in the mare by intra-uterine infusion. 

Grimes DA. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet 2000 356 1013-1019. 

Chlamydia genital tract infections represent the most frequently reported communicable disease in the United States. In females, these infections are frequently asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic and, if left untreated, are associated with the development of pelvic inflammatory disease and attendant complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility. As a result, all sexually active females, females aged 20 to 25 years, and sexually active... 

In comparison with gonorrhea, chlamydial genital tract infections are more frequently asymptomatic, and when present, symptoms tend to be less noticeable. Urethral discharge usually is less profuse and more mucoid or watery than the urethral discharge associated with gonorrhea. "Table 115-7 summarizes the usual chnical presentation of chlamydial infections. 

McMillan A, Ballard RC. Non-specific genital tract infection and chlamydial infection, including lymphogranuloma venereum. In McMillan A, Young H, Ogilvie MM, Scott GR, eds. Clinical Practice in Sexually Transmissible Infections. London, Saunders, 2002 281-312. 

Anonymous. National guideline for the management of Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection. Sex Transm Infect I999 75(suppl 1) 4-8S. 

Treatment of Polymicrobial Infections. Treatment of intra-abdominal, hepatic, and brain abscesses, and some genital tract infections may require the use of a drug combination to eradicate these typically mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections. These and other mixed infections may be caused by two or more different microorganisms that are sufficiently different in antibiotic sensitivity that no single agent can provide the required coverage. 

Castle, P.E. and Giuliano, A.R. (2003). Chapter 4 Genital tract infections, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients - assessing their roles as human papillomavirus cofactors. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 31, 29-34. 

Sulfadimidine is indicated for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory infections, urinary tract and genital tract infections. It is formulated as the sodium salt for parenteral administration. Sulfadiazine is indicated for the... 

The macrolides are effective against a wide variety of pathogenic organisms, particularly infections of die respiratory and genital tract. 

HIV-1 infection results in dissemination of the virus to different cellular and tissue compartments. Some of these anatomical sanctuaries, for example the genital tract (Bym and Kiessling 1998) and the CNS (Kravcik et al. 1999 Rolinski et al. 1997),... 

O Primary peritonitis develops in up to 25% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.3 Patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) average one episode of peritonitis every 2 years.4 Secondary peritonitis may be caused by perforation of a peptic ulcer traumatic perforation of the stomach, small or large bowel, uterus, or urinary bladder appendicitis pancreatitis diverticulitis bowel infarction inflammatory bowel disease cholecystitis operative contamination of the peritoneum or diseases of the female genital tract such as septic abortion, postoperative uterine infection, endometritis, or salpingitis. Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of intraabdominal infection. In 1998, 278,000 appendectomies were performed in the United States for suspected appendicitis.5... 

The presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with female genital tract diseases such as condyloma, Bowenoid papulosis, and cervical, vaginal, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. A general concern is the association of HPV with cervical cancer (Gl). The HPV consists of an icosahedral viral particle (virion) containing 8000 base pairs, a circular, double-stranded piece of DNA surrounded by a protein capsid. Viral replication takes place within the nuclei of infected squamous epithelial cells (H5). Following infection of epithelial cells, the viral DNA penetrates throughout the entire thickness of the epithelium, but intact viruses are found only in the upper layers of tissue. 

Cervical Cancer. In female AIDS patients, cancer of the cervix is observed with high frequency. Cervical cancer is a fairly common cancer in women, although it typically affects women of middle age or older. Infection with certain strains of human papilloma virus (HPV) that cause warts in the genital tract is an underlying cause of cervical cancer. 

Kobayashi, T Ueda, M., Araki, H., Toyoda, K., Ohmori, K., and Sawaragi, I. (1987) Immunocytochemical demonstration of chlamydia infection in the nro-genital tracts. Diag. Cytopathol. 3, 303-306. 

Bacterial septicemia, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, intra-abdominal Infections and infections of the female pelvis and genital tract... 

Anaerobes Serious respiratory tract infections such as empyema, anaerobic pneumonitis, and lung abscess serious skin and soft tissue infections septicemia, intra-abdominal infections such as peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess (typically resulting from anaerobic organisms resident in the normal Gl tract) infections of the female pelvis and genital tract such as endometritis, nongonococcal tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic cellulitis, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection. 

Kross RD. 1997. Method and composition for prevention and treatment of female lower genital tract microbial infections. U.S. Patent No. 5,667.817. September 16, 1997. 

It is used in the treatment of severe anaerobic infections caused by bacteroides and other anaerobes. It is also used in combination with aminoglycoside in the treatment of abdomen and GIT wounds, infections of female genital tract, pelvic abscesses, aspiration pneumonia and septic abortion. It is also used for prophylaxis of endocarditis. It is also used along with primaquine in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients and with pyrimethamine for toxoplasmosis. 

Clindamycin is indicated for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections caused by streptococci and staphylococci. It is often active against community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant S aureus, an increasingly common cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Clindamycin is also indicated for treatment of anaerobic infection caused by bacteroides and other anaerobes that often participate in mixed infections. Clindamycin, sometimes in combination with an aminoglycoside or cephalosporin, is used to treat penetrating wounds of the abdomen and the gut infections originating in the female genital tract, eg, septic abortion and pelvic abscesses and aspiration pneumonia. Clindamycin is now recommended rather than erythromycin for prophylaxis of endocarditis in patients with valvular heart disease who are undergoing certain dental procedures. Clindamycin plus primaquine is an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for moderate to moderately severe Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in AIDS patients. It is also used in combination with pyrimethamine for AIDS-related toxoplasmosis of the brain. 

Indications Respiratory infections Bone and joint infection Skin and skin structure infection Urinary tract infection Biliary tract infection Genital infection Septicemia Endocarditis Intra-abdominal infection Surgical prophylaxis Empiric therapy for febrile neutropenic patients... 

Macrolide antibiotics axe used clinically to treat infections resulting from susceptible organisms in the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, and genital tract. They are generally used orally, although... 

After oral administration, lamivudine is rapidly absorbed, and its bioavailability is about 86%. Food slows down its absorption, and it is excreted unchanged in the urine. The drug crosses the placenta, and the transfer to placenta does not appear to be altered by zidovudine. Its concentrations are higher in the male genital tract in comparison with the circulation. In combination with other antiretroviral therapy, lamivudine is recommended for the treatment of HIV infection. It inhibits plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations but resistance develops rapidly when used as monotherapy. 

Russell, M.W., and J. Mestecky. 1998. Humoral immune responses to microbial infections in the genital tract. Microb Infect 34 305. 

Lamont, R.F., et al. 2003. The efficacy of vaginal clindamycin for the treatment of abnormal genital tract flora pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 11 181. 

Johansson, E.L., et al. 1998. Antibodies and antibody secreting cells in the female genital tract after vaginal or intranasal immunization with cholera toxin B subunits or conjugate. Infect Immunol 66 514. 

Clindamycin is indicated for treatment of severe anaerobic infection caused by bacteroides and other anaerobes that often participate in mixed infections. Clindamycin, sometimes in combination with an aminoglycoside or cephalosporin, is used to treat penetrating wounds of the abdomen and the gut infections originating in the female genital tract, eg, septic abortion and pelvic abscesses or... 

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