Female pelvis

Bacterial septicemia, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, intra-abdominal Infections and infections of the female pelvis and genital tract... 

Anaerobes Serious respiratory tract infections such as empyema, anaerobic pneumonitis, and lung abscess serious skin and soft tissue infections septicemia, intra-abdominal infections such as peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess (typically resulting from anaerobic organisms resident in the normal Gl tract) infections of the female pelvis and genital tract such as endometritis, nongonococcal tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic cellulitis, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection. 

Fig. 1 Lateral view of the female pelvis showing the absorption route to the systemic circulation.

For this reason, when an embolotherapy is planned we recommend immediate cessation of prostaglandin Ej agonist infusion. In case of arterial spasm at the ostium of the uterine artery, the use of a coaxial system with a microcatheter is then required. It is possible to successfully catheterize the distal part of the uterine artery in most cases. In these circumstances, the preferred embolic agent is the one that can be easily delivered through a microcatheter, such as PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) or Embospheres. We prefer to use particles with larger diameters, such as Embospheres 700-900 mg. Even if these particles are used for the above-mentioned reasons, additional Gelfoam embolization of internal iliac arteries is performed because of the extensive collateral pathways of the female pelvis. 

Levi CS, Holt SC, Lyons EA, Lindsay DJ, Dashefsky SM (2000) Normal anatomy of the female pelvis. In Callen PW (ed) Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, 4th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 781-813... 

Heye, T., Davenport, M.S., Horvath, J.J., Feuerlein, S., Breault, S.R., Bashir, M.R., et al. ReproducibUity of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Part I. Perfusion characteristics in the female pelvis by using multiple computer-aided diagnosis perfusion analysis solutions. Radiology 266(3), 801—811 (2013)... 

The anatomy of the female pelvis and perineum shows a lack of conceptual clarity. These regions are best understood when they are clearly described and subdivided according to functional and clinical requirements The actual clinical subdivision discerns an anterior, a middle and a posterior compartment. Whereas an anterior and posterior compartment may be found in the male as well as in the female, a middle compartment can only be found in the latter. The... 

CT of the female pelvis can be performed alone but patients typically undergo CT scans of the upper abdomen and pelvis, especially when CT is done for staging of malignancy. Other indications include determination of the extent of thrombotic disease, evaluation of vascular supply, and diagnostic evaluation of other gynecologic conditions or follow-up of therapy. 

Fig. 3.6a-d. CT of the female pelvis, a CT transversal unenhanced. b CT transversal after CM and reformatted coronal (c) and sagittal CT images (d)... 

Togashi K,Nakai A,Sugimura K (2001) Anatomy and physiology of the female pelvis MR imaging revisited. J Magn Reson Imaging 13 842-849... 

Masui T, Katayama M, Kobayashi S, Sakahara H, Ito T, Nozaki A (2001) T2-weighted MRl of the female pelvis comparison of breath-hold fast-recovery fast spin-echo and nonbreath-hold fast spin-echo sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 13 930-937... 

Schwartz LB, Panageas E, Lange R, Rizzo J, Comite F, McCarthy S (1994) Female pelvis impact of MR imaging on treatment decisions and net cost analysis. Radiology 192 55-60... 

Yamashita Y, Tang Y, Abe Y, Mitsuzaki K, Takahashi M (1998) Comparison of ultrafast half-Fourier singleshot turbo spin-echo sequence with turbo spin-echo sequences for T2-weighted imaging of the female pelvis. J Magn Reson Imaging 8 1207-1212... 

Sahdev A, Jones J, Shepherd JH, Reznek RH (2005) MR imaging appearances of the female pelvis after trachelec-tomy. Radiographics 25 41-52... 

Davis JA, Gosink BB (1986) Fluid in the female pelvis cyclic patterns. J Ultrasound Med 5 75... 

Foshager MC, Walsh JW (1994) CT anatomy of the female pelvis a second look. RadioGraphics 14 51-66... 

MRI of the female pelvis is performed after 5 h of fasting and with prior intramuscular injection of peristaltic inhibitors to minimize artifacts due to bowel movement. The patient lies on her back in a supine position with a pelvic, torso, or cardiac coil attached around her pelvis. The coil ideally covers the region from the symphysis pubis up to the renal hilum. Depending on the woman s height, upper coverage may be lower and require secondary adjustment of the... 

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