Anaerobic organisms

A.ureus and additionally, this agent exhibits excellent potency against anaerobes (14,17). Good activity against anaerobic organisms is still uncommon for quiaolones (33). 

Two simple metabolic tests may be used for evaluating infections by aerobic and anaerobic organisms. 

Cultivation of strictly anaerobic organisms requires not only that the medium be oxygen-free, but also that the redox potential of the medium be compatible with that required by the organisms. This may be accomplished by addition of reducing agents such as sulfide, dithionite, titanium(III) citrate, or titanium(IIl) nitrilotriacetate. Any of these may, however, be toxic so that only low concentrations should be employed. Attention has been drawn to the fact that titanium(III) citrate-reduced medium may be inhibitory to bacteria during initial isolation (Wachenheim and Hespell 1984). 

A facultatively anaerobic organism designated Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans (Sanford et al. 2002) was capable of dechlorinating ortho-chlorinated phenols using acetate as electron donor—2-chlorophenol was reduced to phenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol to 2-chloro-phenol (Cole et al. 1994). A strain of Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans was also able to couple the dechlorination of ortho-substituted chlorophenols to the oxidation of acetate, fumarate, lactate, and propionate (Sun et al. 2000). 

Aryl methyl ethers. A great deal of attention has been directed to the demethylation of aryl methyl ethers on account of interest in the degradation of lignin and related compounds by both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. 

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), an anaerobic organism, is also found in the normal flora of the skin. This bacteria proliferates in the mixture of sebum and keratinocytes and can result in an inflammatory response producing a closed comedo or whitehead. More severe acne lesions such as pustules, papules, and nodules can also form with inflammatory acne and result in significant scarring if treated inadequately (Fig. 62-2). 

A combination of aerobic and anaerobic organisms appears to increase the severity of infection. Facultative bacteria (such as E. coli) may provide an environment conducive to the growth of anaerobic bacteria.12 Although many bacteria isolated in mixed infections are nonpathogenic by themselves, their presence may be essential for the pathogenicity of the bacterial mixture.3 Facultative bacteria in mixed infections can ... 

Some bacteria can give products a rancid smell others can impart the "sweet" odour of dirty drains by the production of certain pyrazine derivatives. Other bacteria, known as sulphate reducers, for example Desulphovibrio desulphuricans, are able, under anaerobic conditions, to utilise oxygen from sulphates leading ultimately to the formation of hydrogen sulphide. Opperman and Goll (1984) in their study of contaminated emulsion paints concluded that more than a quarter were infected with these and other anaerobic organisms. 

The gastrointestinal microflora provide another potential site for drug metabolism within the GIT, and it has received some attention. In normal subjects the stomach and proximal small intestine contain small numbers of microorganisms. Concentrations of these organisms increase toward the distal end of the intestine. A wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic organisms are present in the gut. The microflora, derived primarily... 

It could destroy or poison them. Of course, many anaerobic organisms could and did hide in primitive anoxic conditions till today. 

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