Serum-free

Fig. 3. Overview of puriftcation sequence for the nonrecombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) which also contains urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA). Serum-free culture conditional media is from normal human ceU line. The temperature for aU. steps, except for size-exclusion chromatography...

J. P. Mathei, ed.. Mammalian Cell Culture The Use of Serum-Free Hormone-SupplementedMedia, Plenum Press, New York, 1984. 

Table 4. Growth Supplements for Two Cell Lines in Serum-Free Medium...

FGF), and hydrocortisone to grow serum free (see Table 4) (Hutchings and Sato, 1978). Both of these cell types can grow serum free with appropriate supplements at the same rate as that obtained in serum-supplemented medium. Both cell types can also survive over extended culture periods in hormonally defined serum-free medium. 

F9 embryonal carcinoma cells have a simple set of growth supplements which are required for growth in serum-free medium insulin, transferrin, and fibronectin (Rizzino and Sato, 1978). Fibronectin is a component of the extracellular matrix and facilitates the attachment of the cells to the culture dish. In addition, high density lipoprotein (HDL) has been observed to promote the growth of F9 cells serum-free. 

Vitamins and lipids are often required for animal cells to grow in serum-free medium. Phosphoethanolamine and ethanolamine are key additives that facilitate the growth of the mammary tumor cell line 64024 (Kano-Sueoka and Errick, 1981). In addition, ethanolamine promotes the growth of human lymphocytes and mouse hybridoma cells. Short-term cultures of human diploid lung and foreskin fibroblasts grow in medium that includes among its supplements soybean lecithin, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and vitamin E. 

The mechanisms by which the growth supplements in serum-free medium act are still not understood. In order to achieve an understanding of the biochemical basis for the hormonal and growth factor requirements of animal cells, the basic mechanism of action of hormones and growth factors must be determined. The biochemical basis for the nutritional requirements of animal cells can only be determined when we have an understanding of the metabolism of the different types of animal cells. 

The physiological significance of the growth requirements for established animal cell lines in serum-free medium is still an unresolved matter. Cultures of... 

A good example of the problems encountered with the use of serum with primary cultures is illustrated by the case with cultured kidney cells. The kidney epithelial cell line MDCK grows in serum-free medium supplemented with five supplements ... 

Figure 10. Primary cultures of mouse kidney cells. Primary cultures of kidney epithelial cells derived from 10-day-old mice were grown either in hormonally defined medium with five supplements (5 pg/ml insulin, 5 pg/ml transferrin, 25 ng/ml PCE, 5 X10" M hydrocortisone, and 5 x 10" M Tj), or in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. After 10 days, primary cultures still were epithelial in morphology serum free (a) but were overgrown with fibroblasts with serum (b). (Taub et al., 1979 with permission.)...

The serum requirement of many transformed animal cells is also reduced. The reduction in the serum requirement can, in many cases, be explained by a loss of some of the cells hormone, growth factor or adhesion requirements. The altered hormone, growth factor, or attachment requirements can be studied by growing the cells in serum-free medium. 

Hutchings, S.E. Sato, G.H. (1978). Growth and maintenance of HeLa cells in serum-free medium supplemented with hormones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75.901-904. 

Andersen et al. (1996) and Andersen (1995) have studied the effect of temperature on the recombinant protein production using a baulovinis/insect cell expression system. In Tables 17.15, 17.16, 17.17, 17.18 and 17.19 we reproduce the growth data obtained in spinner flasks (batch cultures) using Bombyx mori (Bm5) cells adapted to serum-free media (Ex-Cell 400). The working volume was 125 ml and samples were taken twice daily. The cultures were carried out at six different incubation temperatures (22, 26,28, 30 and 32 TT). 

Clinical trials have indicated that omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgE antibody approved for use in moderate to severe persistent asthma in patients with reactivity to a perennial allergen, is effective in the treatment of SAR.25-27 Omalizumab inhibits the binding of IgE to mast cell and basophil receptors, resulting in a reduction of allergic mediator release.25 Additionally, serum free IgE levels are decreased.2 27 In SAR patients, omalizumab improves quality of life and nasal symptoms and reduces antihistamine needs. The most effective dose in SAR appears to be omalizumab 300 mg administered subcutaneously every 3 to 4 weeks depending on baseline IgE levels.26,27... 

C17. Chopra, I. J., Chua Tec, G. N., Mead, J. F., Huang, T. S., Beredo, A., and Solomon, D. H., Relationship between serum free fatty acid and thyroid binding inhibitor in nonthyroidal illness. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 60,980-984 (1985). 

J5. Jaume, J. C., Mendel, C. M Frost, P. H., Greenspan, F. S and Laughton, C. W., Extremely low doses of heparin release lipase activity into plasma and can thereby cause artifactual elevations in serum free thyroxine concentration as measured by equilibrium dialysis. Thyroid 6, 79-84 (1996). 

W6. Wang, Y. S., Pekary, A. E England, M. L., and Hershman, J. M., Comparison of a new ultra-filtration method for serum free T4 and free T, with two RIA kits in eight groups of patients. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 8,495-500 (1985). 

It has been reported that PSA exists in multiple isoforms in serum free PSA (30-kDa protease) and complexed PS A (100-kDa complex between PSA and A1 ACT). While the PSA in the prostate is in the free form, when the PSA enters the blood stream, the majority binds to A1 ACT. Recent studies have shown that PSA in serum occurs in two molecular forms, free (f-PSA) and bound both PSAs gave equal detectable signals ( equimolar ). Most of the PSA in serum is complexed with either A1 ACT or A2 MG. Different proportions of free and complex isoforms have been detected in the sera of prostate cancer and BPH patients. The fraction... 

HyClone is a supplier of cell culture and bioprocessing systems, which also offers customized work to configure particular applications. Services address activities, research, and production. Business is centered on culturing media, and consequently support is offer for the development of a given formulation. HyClone supplies FBS and other sera for cell culture, serum-free and protein-free media, etc. 

Induces SGs Requires serum-free media, works on all cells tested... 

Cells are sometimes cultured in serum-free medium. In this condition, the surface should carry substituents of serum proteins that can directly interact with cells. SAMs of alkanethiols with bioactive ligands have been used to control interactions between the material surface and cells [80-83]. Several bioactive ligands have been tested, including RGD [80], PHSRN [81], and laminin-derived peptides [82, 83]. These ligands were expected to directly interact with cell surface integrins. 

Fig. 2.2 Stability of IgCi monoclonal antibody added to sterile plant and animal cell culture media. ( ) Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (A) Dulbecco s minimal essential medium (DMEM) with 10% serum and (A) serum-free Ex-cell 302 medium. The error bars indicate standard errors from triplicate flasks. (Reproduced with permission, from B. M. -Y. Tsoi and P. M. Doran, Biotechnol. Appi. Bio-chem. 2002, 35, 171-180. Portland Press on behalf of the IUBMB.)...

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