Leukaemia, acute

Cytarabine, 4-amino-l-/3-D-arabinofuranosylpyrimidin-2(lif)-one or cytosine arabino-side (1033 R = H, X = NH2), is an established drug for the treatment of acute leukaemias of childhood and adult granulocytic leukaemia. It must be given intravenously and much of the drug becomes the corresponding inactive uracil derivative in vivo by virtue of a deaminase in the liver it interferes with DNA but not RNA synthesis, and it has incidental... 

CDS Defines MHC class I-restricted T cell subset present on NK cells CDIO Known to be common acute leukaemia antigen CDlla Known to be zn a chain of LFA-1 (leucocyte function antigen-1) present on several types of leucocyte and which mediates adhesion CDllc Known to be z complement receptor 4 a chain. 

Weinfeld A, Swolin B, Westin J. Acute leukaemia after hydroxyurea therapy in polycythaemia vera and allied disorders prospective study of efficacy and leukae-mogenicity with therapeutic implications. Eur J Haematol 1994 52 134-139. 

Severe bacterial infection Severe sepsis Severe viral infection Aplastic anaemia3 Acute leukaemia... 

Harousseau, J. 1997. The role of colony-stimulating factors in the treatment of acute leukaemia. Biodrugs 7(6), 448-460. 

The myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of heterogeneous, haemato-logical disorders characterised by a defect in the production of one or more haematopoietic cell lineages. MDS is often associated with the elderly (age >60 yr), and many patients progress into acute leukaemia. The French-American-British (FAB) group characterise MDS into five subgroups ... 

Both natural and acquired resistance constitute a serious problem to therapy with purine analogues, particularly in the case of cancer. Why one acute leukaemia responds well to methotrexate but not to 6-mercaptopurine, whereas a morphologically identical leukaemia responds to 6-mercaptopurine but not to methotrexate, and a third, seemingly identical leukaemia responds to neither is a vexing problem that has so far defied solution [449]. 

It is used in acute leukaemia, choriocarcinoma and chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 

It is indicated in acute leukaemias, lymphomas, Ewing s sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm s tumour and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 

It is used in the treatment of malignant lymphoma and acute leukaemia. 

Bene MC, Castoldi G, Knapp W et al. Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukaemias. European group for the immunological characterisation of leukaemias (EGIL). Leukemia 1995 9 1783-1786. 

Household exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood acute leukaemia. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63, 131—4. 

The bleomycin assay has been applied to assess the levels of available, nontransferrin-bound iron in plasma samples in patients with iron overload disease (Peters et al., 1985), with acute leukaemia before and after drug chemotherapy (Halliwell et al., 1988), as well as patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Winyard et al., 1987). 

Gerson SL, Tablof GH, Hurwifz S, Strom BL, Lusk EJ, Cassileth PA Prolonged granulocytopenia The major risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute leukaemia. Ann Intern Med 1984 100 345-351. 

Cofrancesco E, Boschetti C, Leonardi P, Cortellaro M Dermatan sulphate in acute leukaemia Lancet (1992) 339(8802) 1177-1178. 

Anderson, S.H.C., Richardson, R, Wendon, J., Paglinca, A., Portmann, B. Acute liver failure as the initial manifestation of acute leukaemia. Liver 2001 21 287 -292... 

Maxwell, A.J., Mamtora, H. Fungal hver abscesses in acute leukaemia - a report of two cases. Chn. Radiol. 1988 39 197-201... 

In acute myeloid leukaemia or lymphatic leukaemia as well as in acute leukaemic episodes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, involvement of the liver may only be detectable clinically by the presence of hepatomegaly and subicterus. Laboratory parameters usually show slightly elevated transaminase as well as bilirubin values, and distinct cholestasis is occasionally observed. (7) Acute hepatic failure can occur during the course of acute leukaemia, (l, 8,26,65) Histologically, there are massive, yet uniform blast-cell infiltrates these are found mainly within the portal fields in acute lymphatic leukaemia (about 95%) and within the sinusoids in acute myeloid leukaemia (about 75%). Involvement of the liver is of no consequence with regard to the underlying disease and its therapy. Secondary infections require systemic treatment with antibiotics and/or antimycotics. 

Guyotat D, Coiffier B, Campos L, Archimbaud E, Treille D, Ehrsam A, Fiere D. Acute leukaemia following high-dose chemoradiotherapy with bone marrow rescue for ovarian teratoma. Acta Haematol 1988 80(l) 52-3. 

D Aprile P, Tarantino A, Santoro N, Carella A. Wernick e s encephalopathy induced by total parenteral nutrition in a patient with acute leukaemia unusual involvement of caudate nuclei and cerebral cortex on MRI. Neuroradiology 2000 42(10) 781-3. 

Bucaneve G, Menichetti F, Del Favero A. Cost analysis of 2 empiric antibacterial regimens containing glycopeptides for the treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients with acute leukaemia. Pharmacoeconomics 1999 15(l) 85-95. 

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