Copolymers naming

This class of polyesters consists of four major commercial polymers and their copolymers, namely PET, PTT, PBT, and PEN (see Table 2.1). They compete for engineering thermoplastics, films, and fibers markets with other semicrystalline polymers, such as aliphatic polyamides, and for some other applications with amorphous engineering plastics such as polycarbonate. The syntheses of PET and PBT, detailed in numerous reviews and books,2-5 are described in Sections 23.2.2 and 2.3.2.1. 

In addition to the types of copolymer already mentioned there are two other important classes of copolymer, namely block and graft copolymers. 

Name three classes of copolymer. Name three physical properties that are affected by copolymer composition,... 

Source-based copolymer names [6] are given, followed by the proposed formula. 

Source-based copolymer names [6] are given first, followed by an explanation in parentheses before the proposed formula. Structure-based names [5] are given for star copolymers in the notes to examples 4.4-E6 and 4.4-E7... 

Mass fractions, or mass percentages, for the monomeric units are placed in parentheses after the copolymer name, followed by the symbol w , or the phrase mass % , respectively. The order of citation in the parentheses is the same as in the name. 

In the first edition of this book, an alternative nomenelature system was described, which was based on the prineiple that a eopolymer ean be deseribed by the prefix copoly followed by eitation of the names of the monomers as eopoly(A/B), copoly(A/B/C), etc., where A, B and C represent the names of the monomers employed. However, after two decades this system has been searcely adopted for copolymer naming in the literature, the appendix is therefore omitted from this book. 

Pharmaceutical research on polymeric micelles has mainly focused on two kinds of block copolymers, namely, AB block copolymers or diblock copolymers and ABA or BAB block copolymers known as triblock copolymers (Bader et al., 1984 Yokoyama et al., 1990,1991 Kwon and Okano, 1996, 1999 Kwon, 1998, 2003 Alakahov and Kabanov, 1998). The most common hydrophilic block (A) of the block copolymers is polyethylene oxide (PEO). This polymer is highly hydrated through hydrogen bonding and sterically stabilizes surfaces of the polymeric micelles in aqueous systems. 

In PE/aluminium laminates, which are used for packaging, the bond strength can be improved by surface oxidation of the polymer. An alternative to surface oxidation is to use copolymers of ethylene and monomers containing polar groups that can provide stronger bonds to metal thus increasing adhesion [24,25]. The effects of three functional groups in ethylene copolymers, namely EVS [polyethylene-co-vinyl trimethoxy silane], EBA [polyethylene-co-butyl acrylate], EAA [polyethylene-co-acrylic acid) on the adhesion was studied [25]. The interface in polymer/metal laminates has been analysed by FT-IR... 

The reactions are just like the ones that produce polystyrene. First, a molecule of methyl methacrylate reacts with a polystyryl anion to form a methyl methacrylate anion (crossover). Then the methyl methacrylate block grows in a series of propagation steps, followed by the addition of methanol to effect termination as before. We can draw the structure for the block copolymer, named poly styrene-6/oe -methyl methacrylate) as is shown here. 

The USPNF 23 describes methacrylic acid copolymer as a fully polymerized copolymer of methacrylic acid and an acrylic or methacrylic ester. Three types of copolymers, namely Type A, Type B, and Type C, are defined in the monograph. They vary in their methacrylic acid content and solution viscosity. Type C may contain suitable surface-active agents. Two additional polymers, Type A (Eudragit RE) and Type B (Eudragit RS), also referred to as ammonio methacrylate copolymers, consisting of fully polymerized copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters with a low content of quaternary ammonium groups, are also described in the USPNF 23. A further monograph for an aqueous dispersion of Type C methacrylic acid copolymer is also defined see Section 9. 

Kataoka et al. [57, 58] investigated the formation of polyion complexes (PIC) from a pair of oppositely charged polypeptide block copolymers, namely of anionic poly(ethylene oxide)-( foc -poly(a, P-aspartate) and cationic polyethylene oxide)- foc -poly([2-aminoalkyl]-a,P-aspartamide) (see structure in Fig. 14a), in an aqueous milieu. Mixing of the double-hydrophilic copolymers at an equimolar... 

Since the early work of Evans et al. [262] using various types of graft copolymers, namely, poly(acrylic acid-graft-vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl ace-... 

CJACS Plus Images, 408 co in copolymer names, 242-243 Co-workers in textual citations, 175 Code of conduct for chemists, ACS approved, 425 -426 Code of Federal Regulations, citing in reference, 206 CODEN, 180,413 Coefficients, statistical, 162 Collective nouns, 50—51 College Chemistry Faculties, 397 Colon... 

Intensive adverbs, overuse, 25 inter in copolymer names, 242—243 International copyright, 346, 347 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) citing analytical standards, 268 guide to chemical symbols, 249 International research, CAS databases, 410 International System of Units, See SI units International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 231 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), 231, 249 Internet editions, ACS journals, 407-408 Internet sites... 

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