Electron photomicrograph

Fig. 2. Scanning electron photomicrograph of a polyester nonwoven fabric.

Fig. 8. Scanning electron photomicrograph of mbber particles extracted from HIPS (218).

Fig. 9. Transmission electron photomicrographs of HIPS where the dark phase is OsO -stained mbber (218).

Eig. 4. A transmission electron photomicrograph of an InAsSb—InSb superlattice grown by MOCVD. 

Fig. 5. Electron photomicrographs of several HIPS resins prepared using different types of mbbers.

Rubber-Modified Copolymers. Acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene polymers have become important commercial products since the mid-1950s. The development and properties of ABS polymers have been discussed in detail (76) (see Acrylonitrile polymers). ABS polymers, like HIPS, are two-phase systems in which the elastomer component is dispersed in the rigid SAN copolymer matrix. The electron photomicrographs in Figure 6 show the difference in morphology of mass vs emulsion ABS polymers. The differences in stmcture of the dispersed phases are primarily a result of differences in production processes, types of mbber used, and variation in mbber concentrations. 

Fig. 6. Electron photomicrographs of some commercial ABS resins produced by bulk, emulsion, or a mixture of the two (a) Dow ABS 340 (b) Borg-Wamer Cycolac T-1000 (c) United States Steel Kralastic 606ED, ACFXS53972 and (d) Monsanto Lustrex 1-448. Scale in (a) applies to all...

Figure C shows an electron photomicrograph of a broken planar SOFC. The thick portion on the left is the porous anode structure. This is an anode-supported cell, meaning that in addition to collecting current and supporting the anode reaction, the anode layer stiffens the whole cell. The layer on the right is the cathode, and the interface between the two is the thin electrolyte. One of the challenges of this design is to ensure that the rates of expansion of the cathode and the anode match. If the anode expands faster than the cathode, the planar cell tends to curl like a potato chip when the temperature changes.

Fig. 6.8 Electron photomicrograph of mouse kidney mitochondria. The structure of both the cytoplasmatic membrane (centre) and the mitochondrial membranes is visible on the ultrathin section. Magnification 70,000x. (By courtesy of J. Ludvik)... 

Figure 1.1 Scanning electron photomicrograph of a cross section of a national newspaper comprising 90% spruce and 10% pine thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibres (45gm 2 and 8fibres thick). Scale bar = 25 fiin.

Figure 5.2 Environmental scanning electron photomicrographs of fibres of a chemically pulped (sulfite process) softwood (a) before refining and (b) after refining.

Figure 8.1 Scanning electron photomicrograph of the surfaces of (a) surface sized, and (b) coated paper. Scale bar = 50 jum.

It seems more important to focus on problems that may arise in the course of a quantitative evaluation of electron photomicrographs of an organic pigment. Automatic image analyzers cannot extract information from images which indicate more or less agglomerated, nonisometric, or even platelet-shaped particles. 

The electron photomicrographs in Figs. 45-47 show the degradation of a number of pigment-vehicle systems in response to irradiation and weathering. These... 

The shade of a product is another parameter which is influenced by the particle size (Sec. 1.6.1.2). This is easy to see by comparing the reflection curves of two Pigment Yellow 83 white reductions in an alkyd-melamine resin system. The electron photomicrographs in Fig. 65 and the particle size distribution histograms in Fig. 66 represent these samples. At equal pigment concentration, curve 1 of the two remission curves in Fig. 67 reflects the behavior of the pigment with the smaller... 

Figure 3 Scanning electron photomicrographs of feldspar surfaces in various stages of weathering, a) Fresh surface, b) Incipient formation of shallow almond-shaped etch pits, c) Moderate development of prismatic etch pits, d) Extensive penetration of prismatic etch pits into feldspar interiors. Photographs b-d are from naturally weathered materials. All photomicrographs by Alan S. Pooley and the author.

I appreciate the assistance of the editors, an anonymous reviewer, and, especially, D. Brandt Velbel and William M. Murphy, for their comments and criticisms. Dr. Alan S. Pooley of the Yale Peabody Museum assisted in taking the scanning electron photomicrographs of Figure 3. Preparation of this review was supported by NSF grant BSR-8514328. 

Sodium starch glycolates are generally spherical, a characteristic which accounts for their good flowability [4]. Figure 1 shows the scanning electron photomicrographs (SEMs) of some the commercial sodium starch glycolates. 

FIG. 1. Scanning electron photomicrographs of sodium starch glycolates (A) Explotab, (B) Primojel, and (C) Tablo 600 X Magnification. 

FIG. 2. Scanning electron photomicrographs of croscarmelloses (A) AcDiSol, (B) Nymcel ZSX, (C) Primel-lose, and (D) Solutab 100 X Magnification. 

FIG. 3. Scanning electron photomicrographs of crospovidones (A) Crospovidone M, (B) Kollidon CL, (C) Polyplasdone XL-10, and (D) Polyplasdone XL. 150X Magnification. 

Figure 25. Electron photomicrographs of AZ1350J resist films doped with imidazole. One film has been subjected to the standard process (b) and the other to the reversal process (a).

Fig. 3. Scanning electron photomicrographs of bonded PGA fiber meshes prepared by a fiber bonding method [30]. Note the formation of inter-fiber bonds at the fiber cross-points. (Reproduced with permission from [30])...

Fig. 4a, b. Scanning electron photomicrographs of amorphous poly(L-lactic acid) foams a 92% porosity and 30 pm median pore diameter b and 91% porosity and 94 pm median pore diameter. Prepared by a solvent-casting and particulate-leaching method [32] using 90 wt% sieved sodium chloride particles of size range between 0-53 pm and 106-150 pm, respectively... 

Fig. 6. Scanning electron photomicrograph of a PLGA 50 50 scaffold in the shape of a half-cylinder prepared by a melt molding method [35] using 35 wt% gelatin microspheres with diameters in the size range 300-500 pm. (Reproduced with permission from [35])...

Fig. 7a, b. Scanning electron photomicrographs of PLLA foams of pore size 250-500 pm a cross-section at low magnification after 30 days of chondrocyte culture b and on the surface at high magnification after 28 days of chondrocyte culture (Reproduced with permission from [39])... 

Figure 1.93 Electron photomicrograph of collagen. Reprinted, by permission, from Chemistry of Advanced Materials, L. V. Interrante and M. J. Hampden-Smith, editors, p. 507. Copyright 1998 by Wiley-VCH, New York.

Figure 10.19. (a) Polarizing photomicrograph of agate banding, (b) Transmission-type electron photomicrograph [16]. 

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