Diisodecyl Phthalate DIDP

DIDP production depends on the availability of phthalic anhydride. Isodecanol (iso-decyl alcohol) is produced from nonene, the trimer of propylene. About eight per- 

ASTM D1992 can be used to classify phthalate plasticizers. 

BP Amoco Ashland Chemical Harwick Standard Hallstar 

DIDP is sometimes used instead of a phthalate ester plasticizer such as DOP because it possesses a higher molecular weight and lower volatility and imparts greater permanence to the compound than DOP. On the other hand, DIDP has a somewhat different compatibility with some specialty elastomers and may not be as effective at improving the compound s low-temperature properties. 

Well over 95% of DIDP consumption goes into plastic applications. 

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As well as aiding processing, a major function of plasticisers is to extend the operating temperature range by improving low temperature flexibility. The majority of demand in CR and NBR is satisfied by general purpose phthalate plasticisers di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). However, a wide variety of speciality plasticisers, mainly esters, are marketed within the rubber industry. The majority of these have linear molecular structures giving them better low temperature performance than the phthalates. Examples of such plasticisers are di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DOA), butyl carbitol adipate, di(butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate (BCA), and di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DOS). 

The global production of DEHP in 1994 was estimated to be between 1 and 4 million tons per year. The production volume of DEHP in Western Europe was 505,000 tons per year in 1997. In 2000, the European Union (EU) estimated a production of phthalates around 1 million ton per year in Western Europe (worldwide approximately 7 million tons), being DEHP the 60% of the production [36]. More recent information from industry shows that the use of DEPH in the EU has decreased to 221,000 in 2004, whilst the use of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP) has increased during the same period. In fact, the annual production of DiNP in the EU in 2005 was estimated around 500,000 tons [37]. DiNP and DiDP are replacing DEHP as plasticizer because the use of DEHP has been limited due to it has been classified as CategorylA reprotoxin and it is included in the Annex XIV of the EU REACH legislation [38]. Between 1999 and 2004 the proportion of DEHP to total phthalate usage decreased from 42% to 22% and the proportion of DiNP and DiDP rose from 35% to 58% [37]. 

The Declining Market for Linear Phthalates in Automotive Upholstery. The major market for linear phthalates has historically been automotive upholstery. However, the U.S. built share of the automotive market has continued to decline, and the trend (now a landslide) to smaller cars has resulted in a sharp decrease in demand for domestic vinyl upholstery. Besides this, fashion trends have turned to increased use of non-vinyl upholstery. Finally, the use of softer vinyls with higher plasticizer levels means increased opportunities in the automotive upholstery market for diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). DIDP meets the low temperature requirements of these new softer vinyls, and at the same time offers reduced windshield fogging and lower cost on a... 

The main phthalates under investigation are butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). These investigations include EU risk assessments based on sound science but the political positions on flexible PVC and phthalates cannot be ignored. 

Brown, D., Thompson, R.S. (1982b) Phthalates and the aquatic environment Part II. The bioconcentration and depuration of di-2-ethyIhexyI phthalate (DEHP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) in mussels (Mytilus edulis). Chemosphere 11(4), 427-435. 

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP or DHEP, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) is the most broadly used phthalate plasticizer counting for more than 50% of world plasticizer consumption. Other broadly used phthalate plasticizers are diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), whereas butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and diisotridecyl phthalate are regarded as specialty phthalates. Dibutylphthalate (DBP) is mainly used as a plasticizer in coating applications to flexibilize nitrocellulose resins. 

Plasticizer types and their different concentrations do not perform in the same manner. More volatile plasticizers give films with a shorter outdoor life expectancy. Clear films, containing UV absorber, plasticized at 50 phr were exposed in Florida. Four general purpose plasticizers were studied diisodecyl phthalate, DIDP, diisononyl phthalate, DINP, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DOP, and heptyl nonyl undecyl phthalate, HNUP. Less branched and linear phthalate plasticizers (DOP and HNUO) performed very well for 36 months whereas two highly branched plasticizers (DIDP and DINP) were brown after 24 months of exposure. ... 

Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) n. C6H4(COO CioH2i)2- a general-purpose plasticizer for... 

Phthalates account for 92% of all plasticizers and European production is running at about a million tonnes a year and growing at 3.7% a year. The breakdown of use of different types is diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), 51% diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), 21% diisononyl phthalate (DINP), 11% and others, 17%. 

The most recent studies specifically intended to look for oestrogenic effects are a series of uterotrophic assays [20, 22]. These are tests which measure increase in uterine weight, a process which is under oestrogenic control. They have shown that all the phthalates ranging from DBF to diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) produce no oestrogenic effects. 

Nikiforov, A.I., Trimmer, G.W., Keller, L.H. and Harris, S.B. Two-generation reproduction study in rats with diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), Presented at Eurotox 96, September 22-26,1996. 

Examples of common plasticizers include phthalate esters such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), more properly called di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and used as an inexpensive general purpose plasticizer. This is made by reacting phthahc anhydride with 2-ethylhexanol. Another example is diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). DIDP has lower volatihty and improved resistance to soapy water extraction. It has many applications in PVC used for wire and cable coating. Phthalate plasticizers are also made from linear alcohols such as 1-hydroxyheptane, 1-hydroxynonane, and 1-hydroxyundecane. They are often used when superior low temperature properties, lower volatility, or outdoor weathering is required. 

Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), octyl decyl phthalate (ODP), and dicapryl phthalate (DCP) have a lower solvency. For this reason they are used in stable PVC pastes. 

GP plasticizers are those plasticizers offering the best b ance of performance, useful in a variety of applications, and generally available at the lowest price. These plasticizers are normally the first plasticizers to be considered in developing a new formulation. Although the GP classification represents about 80% of the volume of all plasticizers used today, it usually includes four phthalate plasticizers DEHP, DINP, diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), di-2-propyl heptyl phthalate (DPHP), and now two alternative plasticizers, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DOTP or DEHTP) and diisononyl cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid ester (DC9CH). 

Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) 446 255 (5) -48 1.485 (20) 94 Heat resistent.better electrical prqjerties,lower volatility and aquous extraction than DOP. 

Plasticizers may also be further subdivided into primary and secondary types. Primary plasticizers are those used as the sole plasticizer or as the major component of the plasticizer system. Secondary plasticizers are typically blended with primary plasticizers to improve certain performance properties such as reduced flammability and improved processing, or simply to lower cost. Acmally, there are some overlaps in these definitions, since some secondary plasticizers, can function as primary plasticizers when used at relatively low levels. An example is di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DOA). DOA is often used as the sole or primary plasticizer in PVC meat wrap, typically at 30 parts per 100 of resin (phr). But it also functions as a secondary plasticizer when added at the 10 percent level to a general purpose plasticizer, for example to improve the low-temperature flexibility or flex rating of a PVC shoe sole. Other examples would include the use of a primary plasticizer, such the higher-molecular-weight phthalate diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) for use as a minor component in blends with polymeric plasticizers to help improve processability or to lower costs. 

Diisodecyl Phthalate (DIDP) and Di-2-propylheptyl Phthalate (DPHP) The most commonly used low-volatility plasticizer available worldwide is DIDP. DIDP has been used as a permanent plasticizer for more than 50 years, first being produced commercially in 1954 from isodecanol produced via the 0X0 process. It has found... 

Recently, market forces have combined to reduce the supply and increase the cost of linear sidechain dialkyl phthalate plasticizers. Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) is, in many ways, an attractive alternative to these linear plasticizers but questions remain about its effects on weathering properties of flexible PVC. This paper looks at the effects of using DIDP or blends of DIDP with linear phthalate in flexible PVC exposed to outdoor weathering. Degradation mechanisms and additive packages to limit weathering damage are also discussed. 

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