Uterotrophic assay

Rodent 3-day uterotrophic assay increase in uterine weight in ovariectomised rat. 

Ashby J, Odum J, Foster JR (1997) Activity of raloxifene in immature and ovariectomized rat uterotrophic assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 25(3) 226-231... 

Kunimatsu T, Yamada T, Ose K et al (2002) Lack of (anti-)androgenic or estrogenic effects of three pyrethroids (esfenvalerate, fenvalerate, and permethrin) in the Hershberger and uterotrophic assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 35 227-237... 

McKim JM, Wilga PC, Breslin WJ, Plotzke KP, Gallavan RH, Meeks RG (2001) Potential estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of the cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and the linear siloxane hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) in immature rats using the uterotrophic assay. Toxicol Sci 63 37-46... 

Newly proposed test guidelines to specifically address effects on hormone homeostasis and on male and female reproductive organs include the rodent uterotrophic assay to detect estrogenic effects (OECD 2007a) and the rodent Hershberger assay to detect androgenic effects (OECD 2007b). 

Steroidogenesis in vitro assay Uterotrophic assay Adult male assay... 

OECD. 2003h. Detailed background review of the uterotrophic assay. Summary of the available literature in support of the project of the OECD taskforce on endocrine disrupters testing and assessment (EDTA) to standardise and validate the uterotrophic assay. OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 38. Environment Directorate, Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. ENV/JM/MONO(2003)1. Paris OECD. 

OECD. 2006a. OECD report of the initial work towards the validation of the rodent uterotrophic assay - Phase... 

Tyl RW, Marr MC, Brown SS et al (2010) Validation of the intact rat weanling uterotrophic assay with notes on the formulation and analysis of the positive control chemical in vehicle. J Appl Toxicol 30(7) 694-698... 

ODUM J, LEFEVRE P A, TITTENSOR S, PATON D, ROUTLEDGE E J, BERESFORD N A, SUMPTER J p and ashby j, The rodent uterotrophic assay critical protocol features, studies with nonyl phenols, and comparison with a yeast estrogenic assay , Regul Toxic Pharmacol 1997 25 176-88. 

EDSTAC has also considered an alternative Tier 1 in vivo screening battery, which includes the pubertal male assay and the uterotrophic assay... 

Tinwell H, Ashby J. 2004. Sensitivity of the immature rat uterotrophic assay to mixtures of estrogens. Environ Health Perspect 112 575-582. 

Table 31.7 Summary of the effects of styrene monomer (SM), styrene dimers (SD-01, SD-08, SD-09) and styrene trimers (ST-01, ST-02, ST-03) on immature rat uterotrophic assay [10]...

There are considerable data on the subchronic and chronic toxicity of BPA in laboratory animals. For decades, BPA has been shown to produce weak but consistent responses in uterotrophic assays. The focus of these investigations has typically been evaluation of the potential reproductive and developmental effects of BPA, due to its ability to modulate estrogen... 

Although oral administration of 3,000 mg/kg/day unleaded gasoline to female mice for 3 days resulted in a three-fold increase in estrogen metabolism in isolated hepatocytes, there were no functional antiestrogenic effects as assessed by uterotrophic assays (Standeven et al. 1994b). 

Akahori Y, Nakai M, Yamasaki K, Takatsuki M, Shimohigashi Y, Ohtaki M (2008) Relationship between the results of in vitro receptor binding assay to human estrogen receptor alpha and in vivo uterotrophic assay comparative study with 65 selected chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 22(1) 225-231... 

Studies investigating hormonal activity revealed the oestrogenic activity of short-chain NPE in a number of test systems using either recombinant yeast, oestrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cells [98] or a rodent uterotrophic assay response. None of these assays have yet been validated as an internationally accepted toxicity test method, although the MCF-7 and uterotrophic assays have been established for a number of years as standard assays for oestrogenic activity. 

Some studies have found that resveratrol exhibited a weak estrogenic activity in vitro [107]. Indeed, resveratrol was shown to have a low affinity for the estrogen receptor, about 5 orders of magnitude lower than diethylstilbestrol and estradiol [104]. However, a recent in vivo uterotrophic assay with immature female rats was negative [108]. Moreover, the administration of resveratrol at a dose of 0.75 g kg day to pregnant rats did not induce any adverse effects on embryo-fetal survival and development [104], The no observed adverse effect... 

The most recent studies specifically intended to look for oestrogenic effects are a series of uterotrophic assays [20, 22]. These are tests which measure increase in uterine weight, a process which is under oestrogenic control. They have shown that all the phthalates ranging from DBF to diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) produce no oestrogenic effects. 

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