Peptides, derivatives

Weeks KM, Crothers DM (1991) RNA recognition by Tat-derived peptides interaction in the major groove CeU 66(3) 577-588... 

W. Transferred cross-correlated relaxation complements transferred NOE structure of an IL-4R-derived peptide bound to STAT-6. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1949-1953. 

Casein-derived phosphorylated peptides are believed to enhance the bioavailability of calcium from milk and dairy products (Pihlanto and Korhonen, 2003), and a phosphopeptide derived from (3-casein has been shown to increase iron bioavailability (Bouhallab et ah, 2002 Peres, 1999). Other casein-derived peptides have been found to contain antihypertensive activity in rats (Leclerc et ah, 2002 Miguel et ah, 2009). A number of casein fragments demonstrate antibacterial activity (Kilara and Panyam, 2003). 

Herraiz, T., Sample preparation and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography analysis of food-derived peptides, Analytica Chimica Acta, 352, 119, 1997. 

Yl. Yanagisawa, M and Masaki, T Endothelin, a novel endothelium-derived peptide. Biochem. Pharmacol. 38, 1877-1883 (1989). 

Yamaguchi S, Tatsumi T, Takehara T et al (2010) EphA2-derived peptide vaccine with amphiphilic poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nanoparticles elicits an anti-tumor effect against mouse liver tumor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 59 759-767... 

Cells are sometimes cultured in serum-free medium. In this condition, the surface should carry substituents of serum proteins that can directly interact with cells. SAMs of alkanethiols with bioactive ligands have been used to control interactions between the material surface and cells [80-83]. Several bioactive ligands have been tested, including RGD [80], PHSRN [81], and laminin-derived peptides [82, 83]. These ligands were expected to directly interact with cell surface integrins. 

Mikol, D.D., Ditlow, C., Usatin, D., Biswas, P., Kalbfleisch, J., Milner, A., and Calenoff, E. (2006) Serum IgE reactive against small myelin protein-derived peptides is increased in multiple sclerosis patients. 

Knigge, U., Matzen, S., Bach, E W., Bang, P. and Warberg, J. Involvement of histaminergic neurons in the stress-induced release of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides in rats. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 120 533-539,1989. 

Similarly, five closely related melanocortin receptors that respond to various peptides derived from the POMC precursor have been identified (Fig. 18-7) [24]. As expected, the receptor on adrenal cortical cells responds best to ACTH, which normally stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis, and the receptor on melano cytes responds best to aMSH, which causes skin darkening. However, the pattern of melanocortin receptor expression in the brain is not simply explained by the known patterns of peptide expression in the brain or by the known effects of POMC-derived peptides when applied to various brain regions. With this number of peptide receptors, it is obvious that production of final peptide products must be precisely controlled and that different biosynthetic processing pathways can dramatically affect the biological activity observed (Figs 18-5,18-7). 

Laurent, V., Jaubert-Miazza, L., Desjardins, R., Day, R. and Lindberg, I. Biosynthesis of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides in prohormone convertase 2 and 7B2 null mice. Endocrinology 145 519-528, 2004. 

Schauer, E. et al., Proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides are synthesized and released by human keratinocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 93, 2258-2262,1994. 

George, S. R., Lee, S. P, Varghese, G Zeman, P. R., Seeman, P., Ng, G. Y., and O Dowd, B. F. (1998) A transmembrane domain-derived peptide inhibits D1 dopamine receptor function without affecting receptor oligomerization../. Biol. Chem. 273, 30244-30248. 

Abstract The interplay between three disciplines, organic synthesis, biophysics and cell biology in the study of protein lipidation and its relevance to targeting proteins towards the plasma membrane of cells in precise molecular detail is described in this concept. This interplay is highlighted using the Ras protein as a representative example. Included herein is the development of methods for the synthesis of Ras-derived peptides and fully functional Ras proteins, the determination of the biophysical properties, in... 

C5-derived peptide in serum. This molecule lacks anaphylatoxin activity (i.e. it cannot cause smooth muscle contraction), and its ability to cause che-motaxis in neutrophils is about 10-20 times lower than that of C5a. However, human serum also contains a heat-stable, anionic protein termed co-chemotaxin (relative molecular mass = 60 kDa), which acts in a concentration-dependent manner to permit C5a des Arg to act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. Thus, C5a des Arg plus cochemotaxin working together probably account for most of the neutrophil chemoattractant activity in vivo following complement activation. The mechanism of action of cochemotaxin is unknown, but it may form a physical complex by attaching to a sialic acid residue on the oligosaccharide chain of C5a des Arg. Deglycosylation of C5a des Arg increases its chemoattractant activity more than 10-fold, and its dependency upon cochemotaxin is decreased. 

In addition to their chemotactic activity, C5-derived peptides can also induce degranulation in human neutrophils. This process, readily detected in cytochalasin-B-treated neutrophils, occurs rapidly (within 1 min) upon the addition of peptides. The half-maximum responses in cytochalasin-treated human neutrophils are observed at 1-5 nM C5a and 100-800 nM C5a des Arg. In the absence of cytochalasin B, degranulation can still be detected (albeit at lower rates), especially if the neutrophils are adherent prior to the... 

Specialized cells, called the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), within the renal cortex are able to detect a fall in blood pressure and respond by secreting a proteolytic enzyme called renin (not to be confused with rennin). The substrate for renin, a liver-derived peptide called angiotensinogen, circulates in the plasma. Renin removes two amino acids from the N-terminal to produce angiotensin I, which is itself a substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE removes two more amino acids to produce angiotensin II. 

Trehin R, Nielsen HM, Jahnke HG, Krauss U, Beck-Sickinger AG, Merkle HP (2004) Metabolic cleavage of cell-penetrating peptides in contact with epithelial models human calcitonin (hCT)-derived peptides, Tat(47-57) and penetratin(43-58). Biochem J 382(Pt 3) 945-956. 

Kuner, R, Bohrmann, B., Tjemberg, L.O., Naslund, ]., Huber, G., Celenk, S., Gruninger-Leitch, F., Richards, J.G., Jakob-Roetne, R., Kemp, J.A., and Nordstedt, C., Controlling polymerization of beta-amyloid and prion-derived peptides with synthetic small molecule ligands, /. Biol. Chem., 275,1673,2000. 

The presence of multiple FnBPs could possibly explain how S. pyogenes is able to colonize different host tissue and confer various tissue tropisms. The identification of fhe Sfbl adhesin has contributed to the recent development of vaccines composed of Sfbl-derived peptides conjugated to either the diphtheria toxoid or used with the Lipid Core Peptide (TCP) delivery system. These vaccines have been shovm to confer protective immunity to BALC/c mice when challenged intranasally with lethal doses of S. pyogenes (Olive et ah, 2007 Schulze et ah, 2006). 

Schulze, K., Olive, C., Ebensen, T., and Guzman, C. A. (2006). Intranasal vaccination with Sfbl or M protein-derived peptides conjugated to diphtheria toxoid confers protective immunity against a lethal challenge with Streptococcus pyogenes. Vaccine 24, 6088-6095. 

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