Liver-derived

Specialized cells, called the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), within the renal cortex are able to detect a fall in blood pressure and respond by secreting a proteolytic enzyme called renin (not to be confused with rennin). The substrate for renin, a liver-derived peptide called angiotensinogen, circulates in the plasma. Renin removes two amino acids from the N-terminal to produce angiotensin I, which is itself a substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE removes two more amino acids to produce angiotensin II. 

Liver-derived IGF-1 regulates hGH secretion at pituitary Level... 

Salonen JS, Nyman L, Boobis AR, et al. Comparative studies on the cytochrome P450-associated metabolism and interaction potential of selegiline between human liver-derived in vitro systems. Drug Metab Dispos 2003 31 1093-1102. 

Owens, I.S., and D.W. Nebert. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mammalian liver-derived... 

Owens, I.S., and D.W. Nebert. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mammalian liver-derived cell cultures. Stimulation of "cytochrome P1450-ass ocia ted" enzyme activity by many inducing compounds. Mol. Pharmacol. 11 94-104, 1975. 

Somatomedins have now been isolated from many other species. The sequences of bovine and mouse somatomedins C have been reported. Rat somatomedin C/IGF-I differs from the human protein at a few residues, and the complete sequence of the gene that codes for it has been determined [47]. Rat IGF-II is probably identical to another polypeptide, multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), which is produced by a rat liver-derived cell line (BRL cells) and stimulates the growth of many cells in culture. 

Strain, A.J., Crosby, H.A., Nijjar, S., Kelly, D.A., Hubscher, S.G. Human liver-derived stem cells-semin. Liver Dis. 2003 23 373-383... 

Doddapaneni R, Chawla YK, Das A, Kalra JK, Ghosh S, Chakraborti A (2013) Overexpression of microRNA-122 enhances in vitro hepatic differentiation of fetal liver-derived stem/progenitor cells. J Cell Biochem 114(7) 1575—1583. doi 10.1002/jcb.24499... 

LaFleur, G.J., Jr., B.M. Byrne, C. Haux, R.M. Greenberg and R.A. Wallace. Liver-derived cDNAs vitellogenin and vitelline envelope protein precursors (choriogenins). In Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Reproductive Physiology of Fish, edited by F.W. Goetz and P. Thomas, Austin, University of Texas, pp. 336-338, 1995. 

In several laboratories it has been shown that normal liver and liver-derived cell lines in tissue culture release somatomedin binding proteins into the surrounding medium. In the rat, primary hepatocyte cultures (S22, S28), liver explants (B25) and isolated perfused liver (S9, S21) produce a protein of molecular mass 40-50,000. A binding species of similar size is released by the BRL 3A2 cell line (M24). Whereas somatomedin peptides could also be detected in all of these studies, human hepatoma (M22) and mammary carcinoma (B20) cell lines have been described which release the 40-50,000 molecular mass binding protein without any detectable low-molecular-mass somatomedins. Human amniotic fluid also contains a binding species of similar size (C8, D20) but, contrary to an original report that there was no detectable somatomedin (C8), it appears that both IGF-I and -II are also present (M14). 

Fig. 6. Steps in the formation of pre-betapHOL by human liver-derived cells. Lipid-free apo A1 is refolded by ABCAl at the cell surface, prior to lipidation by phospholipids. A role for the two major extracellular loops of ABCAl in apo A1 binding has been indicated by mutational data.

Huuskonen, J., Vishnu, M., Chau, R, Fielding, RE., Fielding, C.J. 2006. Liver X receptor inhibits the synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein A-I by human liver-derived cells. Biochemistry 45 15068-15074. 

Lindsay, R.M. and Rohrer, H. (1985) Placodal sensory neurons in culture nodose ganglion neurons are unresponsive to NGF, lack NGF receptors but are supported by a liver-derived neurotrophic factor. Dev. Biol. 112 30-48. 

Doostdar H, Duthie S J, Burke MD, Melvin WT, Grant MH. The influence of culture medium composition on drug metabolising enzyme activities of the human liver derived Hep G2 cell line. FEES Lett 1988 241 15-18. 

In our laboratory we have developed several tests for genotoxicity utilizing liver-derived cells (34,3 5). Since the or ganochlorine pesticides have the liver as their principal target organ, these tests represent the ideal system in which to evaluate the genotoxicity, as well as other effects, of these compounds. 

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