Phillips Petroleum Company

Reference Data for Hydrocarbons and Petro-Sulfur Compounds, Phillips Petroleum Company, 1962. 

The Provesteen process, developed by Phillips Petroleum Company, employs a proprietary 25,000-L continuous fermentor for producing Hansenu/a jejunii the sporulating form of C. utilis from glucose or sucrose at high cell concentrations up to 150 g/L. The fermentor is designed to provide optimum oxygen and heat transfer (69,70). 

Second, in the early 1950s, Hogan and Bank at Phillips Petroleum Company, discovered (3,4) that ethylene could be catalyticaHy polymerized into a sohd plastic under more moderate conditions at a pressure of 3—4 MPa (435—580 psi) and temperature of 70—100°C, with a catalyst containing chromium oxide supported on siUca (Phillips catalysts). PE resins prepared with these catalysts are linear, highly crystalline polymers of a much higher density of 0.960—0.970 g/cnr (as opposed to 0.920—0.930 g/cnf for LDPE). These resins, or HDPE, are currentiy produced on a large scale, (see Olefin polymers, HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE). 

High density polyethylene (HDPE) is defined by ASTM D1248-84 as a product of ethylene polymerisation with a density of 0.940 g/cm or higher. This range includes both homopolymers of ethylene and its copolymers with small amounts of a-olefins. The first commercial processes for HDPE manufacture were developed in the early 1950s and utilised a variety of transition-metal polymerisation catalysts based on molybdenum (1), chromium (2,3), and titanium (4). Commercial production of HDPE was started in 1956 in the United States by Phillips Petroleum Company and in Europe by Hoechst (5). HDPE is one of the largest volume commodity plastics produced in the world, with a worldwide capacity in 1994 of over 14 x 10 t/yr and a 32% share of the total polyethylene production. 

One of the most efficient implementations of the slurry process was developed by Phillips Petroleum Company in 1961 (Eig. 5). Nearly one-third of all HDPE produced in the 1990s is by this process. The reactor consists of a folded loop with four long (- 50 m) vertical mns of a pipe (0.5—1.0 m dia) coimected by short horizontal lengths (around 5 m) (58—60). The entire length of the loop is jacketed for cooling. A slurry of HDPE and catalyst particles in a light solvent (isobutane or isopentane) circulates by a pump at a velocity of 5—12 m/s. This rapid circulation ensures a turbulent flow, removes the heat of polymeriza tion, and prevents polymer deposition on the reactor walls. 

Chromium Oxide-Based Catalysts. Chromium oxide-based catalysts were originally developed by Phillips Petroleum Company for the manufacture of HDPE resins subsequendy, they have been modified for ethylene—a-olefin copolymerisation reactions (10). These catalysts use a mixed sihca—titania support containing from 2 to 20 wt % of Ti. After the deposition of chromium species onto the support, the catalyst is first oxidised by an oxygen—air mixture and then reduced at increased temperatures with carbon monoxide. The catalyst systems used for ethylene copolymerisation consist of sohd catalysts and co-catalysts, ie, triaLkylboron or trialkyl aluminum compounds. Ethylene—a-olefin copolymers produced with these catalysts have very broad molecular weight distributions, characterised by M.Jin the 12—35 and MER in the 80—200 range. 

Phillips Petroleum Company developed an efficient slurry process used for the production of both HDPE and LLDPE (Eig. 6). The reactor is built as a large folder loop containing long mns of pipe from 0.5 to 1 m ia diameter coimected by short horizontal stretches of pipe. The reactor is filled with a light solvent (usually isobutane) which circulates through the loop at high speed. A mixed stream containing ethylene and comonomers (1-butene,... 

Researchers at Phillips Petroleum Company developed a commercially viable process for the synthesis of PPS involving the polymerization of /)-dich1orohenzene and a sodium sulfide source in a polar organic compound at elevated temperature and pressure. This Phillips process was patented in 1967 (18). Between 1967 and 1973, Phillips built and operated a pilot plant, estabhshed market demand, and constmcted a hiU-scale commercial plant. In 1973, the world s first PPS plant came on-stream in Phillips faciUty in Borger, Texas. 

Thiols are shipped ia every conceivable container size. Dmms and cans can be of carbon steel for most thiols, provided color is not a determining factor. Tmck, rail, and isocontainer shipments should be set up to utilize a vapor return line from the tank to the shipping container. This substantially minimizes the amount of odor that escapes. Phillips Petroleum Company and Atochem North America can supply further information regarding the handling and properties of many thiols. 

Robert C. Schueler, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma... 

Phillips Chemical Company, See Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 243 Phillips Petroleum Company, 243 Phorate, 105 PHORIL , phorate, 105 PHOSFLEX , phosphorus esters, 105 Phosgene, 105... 

Source Reprinted from Ref. 23, with permission of Phillips Petroleum Company, U.S.A. 

Figure 10-20B. RODbaffle Intercooler in fabrication, 67 in. X 40 ft, 2,232-V4-in. O.D. copper-nickel tubes, 1.00 in. pitch. TEMA AHL (Used by permission Phillips Petroleum Company, Licensing Div., Bui. 1114-94-A-01.)...

Tetramethylene sulfone is commercially available from the Shell Chemical Company and the Phillips Petroleum Company. 

The checkers used spectro-grade reagent available from Phillips Petroleum Company. 

Ayers An early process for making carbon black from oil. The air for combustion is injected tangentially into the furnace, producing swirl, and the atomized oil is injected into this. Invented by J. W. Ayers and developed by Phillips Petroleum Company. 

Cycloversion A petroleum treatment process which combined catalytic reforming with hydrodesulfurization. The catalyst was bauxite. The process differed from the Houdry process in that the catalyst bed temperature was controlled by injecting an inert gas. Developed by the Phillips Petroleum Company and used in the United States in the 1940s. Pet. Refin., 1960, 39(9), 205. 

HYTORT A process for making gaseous and liquid fuels from oil shale. Developed by the Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, in 1959. It uses high-pressure hydrogenation, which recovers more of the carbon from shale than does pyrolysis. In 1981 a joint venture of IGT with the Phillips Petroleum Company was formed in order to make a feasibility study. 

O-X-D [Oxidative dehydrogenation] A process for converting n-butane to butadiene by selective atmospheric oxidation over a catalyst. Developed by the Phillips Petroleum Company and used by that company in Texas from 1971 to 1976. See also Oxo-D. 

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