Imports, cost

Raw materials efficiency. In choosing the reactor, the overriding consideration is usually raw materials efficiency (bearing in mind materials of construction, safety, etc.). Raw material costs are usually the most important costs in the whole process. Also, any inefficiency in raw materials use is likely to create waste streams that become an environmental problem. The reactor creates inefficiency in the use of raw materials in the following ways ... 

Let us now briefly review the most important costs which will be needed to compare options. 

Cost Fa.ctors, The dehvered costs of the phosphate rock and sulfuric acid raw materials often account for more than 90% of the cost of producing NSP, thus the production cost varies considerably with plant location. Because the rock is richer in P2O5 than is the low analysis NSP product, NSP need not be produced near the phosphate mine. However, deUvery of sulfuric acid and shipment of product to market are important cost factors. Most United States NSP plants have been located east of the Mississippi river, with concentration in the southeastern and extreme southern parts of the country where the largest use of the product has occurred. Production and use of the product also has been high in California. 

The principal material cost for the Chilean iodine producers is sulfur used for the manufacture of sulfur dioxide, the reducing agent for the iodates contained in the leach solutions. Also, the use of sodium carbonate for the neutralization of the depleted solutions is an important cost factor. 

Overseas Construction Costs Although Table 9-55 gives location factors for the construction of chemical plants of similar function in various countries at 1993 values, these may vaiy differentially over a period of time owing to local changes in labor costs and productivity. Hence, it is often necessaiy to estimate the various components of overseas construction costs separately. Equipment and material prices will depend on local labor costs and the availability of raw materials. If the basic materials have to be imported, costs in the source area become important and import duties and freight charges must be added. 

In terms of an economic determination, gas temperature adjustment is often the most important cost factor in determining whether to use a biofilter or a more conventional system. If the process gas stream is at an extremely high temperature (-i-I00° C), the cost of cooling the inlet gas stream might favor more conventional methods for odor control such as thermal oxidation. 

Let s consider some of the important cost factors of a JHA. These methods can help to improve job procedures and can help to reduce costs that result from absenteeism and workers compensation claims, as well as hidden costs that are usually overlooked. These hidden costs include management time for investigation lost time for other workers who experience some level of trauma hiring and training temporary workers bad publicity, poor product quality, employee morale OSHA citation/fines, court costs, and so on. Reduction of these costs can lead to increased productivity and improved cost to the bottom line. 

There are important costs to be traded-off. These will be considered later in the chapter. 

But the diversion of economic and social resources away from final production may not be the only, or even the most important, cost of the "new regulation." Virtually every aspect of the firm s strategic environment is likely to be affected. Of special concern is that the pace and direction of technological advance is likely to be altered in ways that are not presently predictable. 

Another extremely important cost factor is the weight of the valve and especially where it is installed when it has to be removed for testing and maintenance SRVs are usually mounted high up. Therefore it is important to take weight and size into consideration when selecting a valve in order to keep down later maintenance costs. A pilot-operated safety valve is much lighter than a spring-operated valve from sizes 3 to 4 in. and up and can more easily be handled. 

What are important costs that would be incurred if the consultant pharmacy services program were implemented Classify these costs as fixed or variable. 

With respect to the economic analysis of the PV-diesel hybrid system of Rambla del Agua, it was proved that the most important cost factor (in terms of total annualised costs) was the diesel generator, mostly due to high annual diesel fuel costs, accounting for 81% of the total system s annualised costs. The photovoltaic... 

Other cost reductions can come from optimizing an array of components and the overall operating system. Volume manufacturing and pricing are also important cost factors. 

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