Instrumentation smart

For electronic loops, check polarities, measure the loop impedance, and make the necessary compensating adjustments. The compensating adjustments on smart instruments can be made using either a handheld terminal or direcdy at the instrument. Smart instruments, if supported, can also be adjusted using an instrument configuration page on a computerized control system. 

In the commercial area, work has been concerned with integration of the microcomputer as a component part of the instrument. Already, a few "smart" instruments have appeared in the market. Instruments such as the PARC 273 (Princeton Applied Research Corporation) and BAS 100 (Bioanalytial Systems Inc.) enable the chemist to perform a wide range of techniques using the same instrument. Smart instruments provide the user with the... 

ARM (advanced RISC machines) processor An ARM processor is one of a family of CPUs based on the RISC developed by ARM. ARM makes 32-bit and 64-bit RISC multi-core processors. These are used in smart instrumentation, smart phones, and tablets to name only a few. The salient features of ARM processors shall include ... 

Chopra, Proceedings of the S ociety of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (Smart Structures and Materials 1996—Smart Structures and Integrated Systems) Proceedings of the Conference, San Diego, Calif., Feb. 26—29, 1996) 2717, 20—26, (1996). 

Compensation of the measured value for conditions within the instrument, such as compensating the output of a pressure transmitter for the temperature within the transmitter. Smart transmitters are much less affected by temperature and pressure variations than conventional transmitters. 

In order to meet their initial requirements, several manufacturers have developed digital communications capabilities for communicating with smart transmitters. These can be used either in addition to or in lieu of the 4-20 milliamp signal. Although most manufacturers release enough information on their communications features to permit another manufacturer to provide compatible instruments (and in some cases provide an open communication standard), the communications cap ihty provided by a manufacturer may be proprietaiy. 

More microprocessor-based process equipment, such as smart instruments and single-loop controllers, with digital communications capability are now becoming available and are used extensively in process plants. A fieldbus, which is a low-cost protocol, is necessary to perform efficient communication between the DCS and these devices. So-called mini-MAP architec ture was developed to satisfy process control and instrumentation requirements while incorporating existing ISA standards. It is intended to improve access time while... 

Use smart instruments that allow quick change of span... 

For smart cards, micro-robots and small precision instruments, thin laminated micro-cells are being developed. Some of these developmental thin-film devices—using an electrolyte of lithium, a copper cathode, and lithium again for the electrode—can charge and discharge up to 3 volts, and can be expected to tolerate up to 1,000 charge-and-discharge cycles. 

Using three spherical crystals - the standard ylide crystal provided by Siemens Analytical Instrumentation, ruby and ammonium hydrogen tartrate (Enraf-Nonius standard crystal) - such an experiment has been carried out using two SMART CCD diffractometers. Before integration [8], all of the cell axes were multiplied by 2. Duplicate measurements were then averaged, and all odd reflections with values of F2 > 15 esd s were compared with the reflection with double the indices to obtain the best value of k for the expression F kl = kF h2k2). The average values of k obtained for the two diffractometers were 0.0014(2) and 0.00106(5). 

M. Lazzaroni, E. Pezzotta, G. Mendu-ni, D. Bocchiola, D. Ward, conference records of the 17 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Smart Connectivity Integrating... 

Most electronic technology systems use digital electronics in conjunction with microcomputer technology to allow the instrumentation user to calibrate and troubleshoot the instrumentation from either a local or remote location. This capability is commonly referred to as "Smart" electronic technology. 

Adaptation and evolution have created an astonishing variety of life on this planet. Smart materials and adaptive systems may do the same for instruments, machines, and other technological tools and techniques. The expansion of this scientific frontier has the potential to revolutionize much of the technology that people use for medicine, transportation, and industry. 

Regardless of the laboratory s mission, managers are confronted with a common set of problems Increases in data volume from increased use of smart instruments and from increased testing and record retention requirements imposed by ERA, FDA, OSHA, and other regulatory agencies constantly rising operating and material... 

In situ frequency dependent electromagnetic-impedence measurements provide a sensitive, convenient, automated technique to monitor the changes in macroscopic cure processing properties and the advancement of the reaction in situ in the fabrication tool. This chapter discusses the instrumentation, theory, and several applications of the techniques, including isothermal cure, complex time—temperature cure, resin film infusion, thick laminates, and smart, automated control of the cure process. 

An instrument which not only measures a variable, but also carries out further processing in order to refine the data obtained before presentation either to an observer or to some other stage of the system, is generally termed intelligent or smart. In practice, additional functions are usually available as well as the data-processing facility and these are all normally contained within the transmitter of the measuring device. These so-called smart transmitters are microprocessor-based and enable the device ... 

The cost of an intelligent instrument can be twice that of the equivalent device without the smart facility (the latter is termed a dumb instrument)(99). However, the use of a smart transmitter does generally improve the inherent accuracy of the sensor itself. 

STANDARD INSTRUMENTS, MICROCONTROLLERS, SMART INSTRUMENTATION VERIFICATION... 

The practices contained in this section apply to all standard instruments, microcontrollers, and smart instrumentation (e g., weigh scales, bar code scanners, controllers, vision systems and EPROM s) considered part of a computer system. This equipment is driven by programmable firmware. 

All computer systems performing regulated operations must be validated. To support computer systems validation, standard instmments, microcontrollers, and smart instrumentation are functionally tested (black box test) and the installed versions recorded. 

The installation of standard instmments, microcontrollers, smart instrumentation, and its associated components is verified according to normal software installation qualification practices. (Refer to Software Installation Qualification in this chapter.)... 

Standard instmments, microncontrollers, and smart instrumentation can be configurable. The configuration must be recorded using an IQ protocol, including the version of the hardware, versions of the firmware (if applicable) and associated software. 

The operational qualification for standard instruments, microcontrollers, and smart instrumentation consists of a black box test. This type of test is based on the user s firm application requirement and challenges a program s external influences. It views the software as a black box concerned with program inputs and its corresponding outputs. The black box testing must consider not only the expected (normal) inputs, but also unexpected inputs. Black box testing is discussed in Chapter 9. 

The following project activities described in Chapter 7 are also applicable to standard instruments, microcontrollers and smart instrumentation ... 

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