Remote monitoring

BE-3246 Remote monitoring strain/extenslon using novel sensing element Or. Vlad Skarda ERA Tschnology Cleeve Road,... 

BE-7S67 Fibre optics for remote monitoring of structural integrity of elevated temperature insulated systems (FORMS) Mr. Manuel Gomea Eitrada Nacional... 

For the visible and near-ultraviolet portions of the spectmm, tunable dye lasers have commonly been used as the light source, although they are being replaced in many appHcation by tunable soHd-state lasers, eg, titanium-doped sapphire. Optical parametric oscillators are also developing as useful spectroscopic sources. In the infrared, tunable laser semiconductor diodes have been employed. The tunable diode lasers which contain lead salts have been employed for remote monitoring of poUutant species. Needs for infrared spectroscopy provide an impetus for continued development of tunable infrared lasers (see Infrared technology and RAMAN spectroscopy). 

Solid-state microprocessor based these are more sensitive and accurate. They can be made digital to be connected to a computer for remote monitoring and control of the process that the motor is driving. 

The cathodic protection of pipelines is best monitored by an intensive measurement technique according to Section 3.7, by an off potential survey eveiy 3 years and by remote monitoring of pipe/soil potentials. After installation of parallel pipelines, it can be ascertained by intensive measurements whether new damage of the pipe coating has occurred. These measurements provide evidence of possible external actions that can cause mechanical damage. 

Computerized controls allow remote monitoring and control of temperatures, pressures, liquid levels, and fluid flows at three separate locations in the plant. Computer keyboards allow an operator to electronically perform precise processing adjustments from any of the three strategic plant locations. 

The principal requirement of a sampling system is to obtain a sample that is representative of the atmosphere at a particular place and time and that can be evaluated as a mass or volume concentration. Remote monitoring techniques are discussed in Chapter 15. The sampling system should not alter the chemical or physical characteristics of the sample in an undesirable manner. The major components of most sampling systems are an inlet manifold, an air mover, a collection medium, and a flow measurement device. 

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the layout ofEMCS-hased end-use monitoring in which the data collected hy the EMCS can he remotely monitored by the utility or hy the maintenance staff in the company s central office. 

Chan K., Ito H., Inaba H., Optical remote monitoring of methane gas using low-loss optical fiber link and indium gallium arsenide phosphide light-emitting diode in 1.33-mm region, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1983 43 634. 

Kobayasi T., Hirama M., Inaba H., Remote monitoring of monomeric nitrogen dioxide molecules by differential absorption using optical fiber link, Appl.Optics 1981 20 3279. 

Control of site equipment is always important for safety and operational concerns. Many sites are remote or not staffed on a daily basis. Remediation equipment should be fitted with failsafe systems to shut down the system in the event of failure, fire, or unusual conditions (such as injection well plugging). Alarm systems should be included, which may be as simple as illuminating a warning hght, or as complex as a teleconnection to a remote computer station or telephone alert to the operator s residence. Many commercial companies offer remote monitoring equipment. 

Wireless data communications devices are used to enable transmission of data between computer systems and/or between a SCADA server and its sensing devices, without individual components being physically linked together via wires or cables. In industrial chemical processing systems, these devices are often used to link remote monitoring stations (i.e., SCADA components) or portable computers (i.e., laptops) to computer networks without using physical wiring connections. 

Kinter, L.B. and Johnson, D.K., Remote monitoring of experimental endpoints in animals using radiotelemetry and bioimpedance technologies, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Humane Endpoints in Animal Experiments for Biomedical Research, Hendriksen, C.F.M. and Morton, D.B., Eds., The Royal Society of Medicine Press, London, 1999, pp. 58-65. 

Among the most significant features of the ARO unit are its ability to be remotely monitored and controlled, and its ability to automatically call for help, both accomplished through a modem and telephone connection. These features allow for rapid diagnosis and service response. 

In this chapter, the impact of these policy actions on elevated episodic peak ozone levels is assessed over the 1980-2009 period. The annual maximum 8-h average ozone level is the chosen air quality metric, and the focus is mainly on rural and remote monitoring stations as recorded in the EMEP ozone database. 

The origin of these episodic peak ozone levels is unquestionably photochemical ozone formation from man-made NOx and VOC precursors. Efficient long-range transboundary transport ensures that these episodic peak levels are observed at even the most remote monitoring stations in the EMEP monitoring network. Equally well, efficient transboundary transport ensures that responses to reductions in man-made NOx and VOC precursor emissions should be felt across Europe in terms of reductions in episodic peak ozone levels. 

---