Carcinosarcoma, Walker

Elephantopus mollis is interesting because it elaborates a series of cytotoxic antitumor germacranolides including molephantinin and phantomolin, which are cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rodents (104,105). Molephantinin mitigates DNA and protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and DNA synthesis. What is the activity of molephantinin on apoptosis (106)1... 

A two-step transformation of conjugated dienes into non-conjugated ones was proposed for the synthesis of the difficult to-obtain lapachol (355) (a member of a class of antimalarial agents having an activity against the Walker carcinosarcoma 256) from the more available isolapachol 352183. This method consists in an oxidative cyclization of isolapachol 352 by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) to form a mixture of the products 353 and 354 (equation 127). Treatment of this mixture with dilute acid in... 

Histone kinases responsible for N-phosphorylation have been isolated from regenerating rat liver [109] and Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells [110]. One kinase with a pH optimum of 9.5 phosphorylated His-18 and His-75 of H4, while the other with a pH optimum of 6.5 phosphorylated lysine of HI. The enzyme from regenerating rat liver phosphorylated H4 at 1-phosphoryl histidine, while the carcinosarcoma enzyme phosphorylated H4 His at the position 3 [111]. Both kinases were cAMP independent [110]. Matthews and colleagues purified a 32-kDa histidine H4 kinase from yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae [112,113]. The enzyme phosphorylated His-75 (1-phosphoryl histidine) in H4. His-18 of H4 and other histidines in other core histones were not phosphorylated by this kinase [112]. Protein phosphatases 1, 2A, and 2C could dephosphorylate His-75 of H4 [114]. Applying a gel kinase approach to detect mammalian H4 histidine kinases, Besant and Attwood detected four activities in the 34-41 kDa range with extracts from porcine thymus [115]. 

Quantitative evaluation of 5-diazouracil against Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, C3H-FX lymphoma and other tumour systems has been studied and detailed results in comparison with other standard active agents have been reported [332]. 

P-1534 leukemia, the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, and the P388 leukemia. He also worked on isolation by extraction of 12 kg of Pacific yew bark with ethanol, followed by partition of the ethanol extract between chloroform and water. In his first publication in 1967, about 0.5 g of taxol was isolated from 12 kg of air-dried stem and bark from T. brevifolia, and the yield was about 0.004%, or 40 ppm. 

X Dose, mg/kg per day] Inhibition % Jensen Walker sarcoma carcinosarcoma Pliss lympho- sarcoma Carcinoma NK Sarcoma AK Sarcoma 180... 

There is an increased blood flow in brain tumors (ref. 589), and the blood-brain barrier is leaky in and around 9L tumors because the blood vessels associated with these (ref. 568), and other (ref. 565-567), tumors are fenestrated. This well-known leakiness of tumor capillaries, which in the case of brain tumors includes breaches in the blood-brain barrier (ref. 566,568 cf. Section 12.2), would allow extravasation of small particulate matter (cf. ref. 590-594) or LCM. Once in the tumor area, LCM remain there because of an affinity for tumor cell surface components (cf. ref. 531 see also Chapter 14). At least 4 different types of experimental tumors in rats (C6 glioma, 9L gliosarcoma, Novikoff hepatoma, and Walker-256 carcinosarcoma), as well as several spontaneous tumors in dogs (ref. 570), do interact with LCM in a preferential manner (cf. Chapters 12 and 13), suggesting that LCM affinity may be for tumor cells in general (ref. 531). 

Effective on Walker carcinosarcoma, Yoshida sarcoma, and Jensen sarcoma in vivo some action on lymphoma NK/Ly, no effect in sarcoma 37, reduction of survival time for Guer sarcoma some weight loss doses to 150 mg/kg not lethal 512... 

Suppressed growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor, Walker carcinosarcoma, sarcoma 37, Lewis carcinoma, sarcoma 180 in rats intermittent dosage (Walker 517... 

Harringtonine appears to be the most effective agent and recent studies in the People s Republic of China have shown that it is effective against L615 leukemia, L7212 leukemia, sarcoma 180, and Walker carcinosarcoma 256 (188). Harringtonine also appeared to be effective in the treatment of acute and chronic myelocytic leukemia in humans (189). 

Unmodified l-ASP wtt found to have antitumor activity against more than 50 mouse neoplums, rat Muiphy-Sturm, canine lymphosarcomas, rat fibrosarcoma, Walker carcinosarcoma, and Jensen sarcoma [60-62]. 

R. E. Neuman and T. A McCoy, Dual requirement of Walker carcinosarcoma 356 in vitro for asparagine and glutamine, Science 724 124 (1936),... 

Crotepoxide, for example, was isolated from fruits of Croton macrostachys and has been shown to have significant tumor-inhibitory activity for Lewis lung carcinoma in mice (LL) and Walker intramuscular carcinosarcoma in rats (WM). 

Colquhoun, A. and Schumacher, R.I., Gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid induce modifications in mitochondrial metabohsm, reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in Walker 256 rat carcinosarcoma cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1533, 207, 2001. 

Considerable tumors in methodological relation are very suitable for experimental kinetic studies. These models assume life-time measuring of sizes of tumors in both control experiments and under various effects including chemotherapeutical. Moreover, considerable tumors in many cases give metastases. From this point of view it is interesting to study the Walker carcinosarcoma, Luise carcinoma and some melanomas. 

Walker carcinosarcoma was obtained in 1928 from spontaneously appeared carcinoma of mammary gland [6], It is interweaved with rats of various lines, grows infiltratively, gives metastases to lymph nodes and lungs. 

For example for Walker carcinosarcoma the data on growth of tumor volume V are well described by Gompertz equation ... 

Let get the equation (5) as experimental model of Walker carcinosarcoma. Parameters of this model are determined in the experiment. In general view this model is as follows ... 

Cells in which chemiluminescence has been reported to originate include phagocytic cells, mouse spleen cells (Peterhans et al., 1980), rat thymocytes (Wrogemann et al., 1978), human NK cells (Roder et al., 1982), erythrocytes (canine) (Peerless and Stiehm, 1986), human epidermal cells (Fischer and Adams, 1985), Lettre ascites tumour cells (Mehta et al., 1985), colonic epithelial cells (Crawen et al., 1986) and Walker carcinosarcoma cells (Leroyer et al., 1987). 

Daphneticin (12), isolated from Daphne tangutica, showed cytotoxic activity against Walker carcinosarcoma ascites cells (68) but was inactive against KB cells (68). In vitro studies showed cleomiscosin A (9), isolated from the chloroform extract of Brucea javanica, to be active against the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line (EDsq = 0.4 pg ml ), but inactive against the KB test system (57). Luyengi et al. reported the lack of activity of the same compound when evaluated against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells (59). 

Daphneticin (12) Antibacterial activity, cytotoxic against Walker carcinosarcoma ascites cells (66, 68)... 

Bekesi JG, Winzler RJ. Inhibitory effects of D-glucosamine on the growth of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and on protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis. Cancer Res. 1970 30 2905-2912. 

See also Chapter 7, Section 4.1. An investigation details the isolation of (Z)-l, 8-pentadecadiene from E. angustifolia and E. pallida. This root oil constituent has inhibitory effects against Walker carcinosarcoma 256 and P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in the mouse and rat, respectively (18). 

Serratia marcescens polysaccharide has been reported to be active against a number of other tumors, such as Sarcoma 180 (Ref. 22), Ehrlich carcinoma,22 Guerin carcinoma,23 Sarcoma M-l (Ref. 23), and Walker carcinosarcoma.24 Navashin and coworkers25 found that... 

A convenient synthesis was reported for l,3-bis(tetrahydro-2-fur-anyl)-5-fluorouracil (Thf2 FU), whose toxicity and antitumor activity were compared with Ftorafur (Thf-FU) and FU. The oral LDc in mice was approximately 3-fold greater than that observed for Thf-FU, ich was much less toxic than FU. Thf -FU slowly hydrolyzed to FU in vivo and showed significant antitumor effects at 0.15-0.45 mmol/kg (p.o.) against Ehrlich and AH-130 carcinomas, sarcoma 180, Yoshida sarcoma and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. The most active in a series of 1-alkyIcarbamoyl derivatives of FU was the 1-jt-butylcarbamoyl compound, which gave an of... 

---