Carcinoma testes

DNA was capable of malignantly transforming NIH 3T3 cells in DNA transfection studies (411). Studies in our laboratory (41) indicate that initiation alone or repetitive TPA treatments are insufficient to turn on the expression of the Ha-raa oncogene in adult SENCAR mouse epidermis. Initiation followed by either one or six weeks of TPA treatment also failed to activate Ha- ga expression. Like Balmain, we observed elevated levels of Ha-ras RNA in a percentage of papillomas and carcinomas tested. We have also found that the expression of c-sis. and c-aU are increased in the majority of carcinomas examined (42). It remains to be determined whether oncogene activation plays a critical role in multistage skin carcinogenesis. 

Aflatoxin Levels Number of Animals Total Animals (ppb) With Carcinoma Tested... 

In 2-year drinking water studies mice showed increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas male Fischer 344 rats had increased incidences of renal tubule adenomas, and male Wistar rats showed evidence of interstitial cell adenoma of the testis. No increase in mmor incidence at any site was observed in rats after chronic subcutaneous injection. The lARC has determined that there is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of pyridine and that it is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Pyridine was not genotoxic in a variety of assays. ... 

Injection of zinc chloride solution into the testes of 49 Syrian hamsters resulted in areas of necrosis occupying about 25% of each testis two embryonal carcinomas of the testis were found 10 weeks later at necropsy/ There is no evidence that zinc compounds are carcinogenic after administration by any other route/... 

This was the first report of the successful screening of antibiotics for antitumor activity. Antibiotic research was thus expanded to also cover antitumor research. The term antitumor antibiotics was coined to include those compounds that are produced by microorganisms and inhibit the growth of tumor cells and tumors. Since that time, I have been continuing the study of new antitumor 2Uitlbiotics. Up to now with my collaborators I discovered eibout 65 antitumor antibiotics and elucidated structures of about 50 of them. Among them, bleomycin which we discovered in 1966 (76,79) has been used in the treatment of Hodgkin s lymphoma, tumors of the testis, and carcinomas of the skin, head, neck, and cervix. 

Ifosfamide is active against a broad spectrum of tumors, including germ cell cancers of the testis, lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas of the lung, breast, and ovary. It is thought to be more active than cyclophosphamide in germ cell cancers and sarcomas. 

Doxorubicin is one of the most effective agents used in the treatment of carcinomas of the breast, ovary, endometrium, bladder, and thyroid and in oat cell cancer of the lung. It is included in several combination regimens for diffuse lymphomas and Hodgkin s disease. Doxorubicin can be used as an alternative to daunorubicin in acute leukemias and is useful in Ewing s sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcomas, and neuroblastoma. Some activity has been reported in non-oat cell lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and adenocarcinomas of the stomach, prostate, and testis. 

Despite its lower chemical reactivity, carboplatin has antitumor activity that is similar to that of cisplatin against ovarian carcinomas, small cell lung cancers, and germ cell cancers of the testis. Most tumors that are resistant to cisplatin are cross-resistant to carboplatin. 

Levin et al. (1987), in a letter to the editor, described three cases of embryonal-cell carcinoma of the testis in workers at one leather tannery in the United States. According to the authors, all the tanneries they had surveyed used dimethylformamide, as well as a wide range of dyes and solvents. A screening effort to identify additional testicular cancers at the leather tannery with the three cases was undertaken in 1989 (Calvert et al., 1990). Fifty-one of 83 workers employed at the plant between 1975 and 1989 participated. No additional case of testicular cancer was identified. 

Carcinoma of testis Combination chemotherapy cisplatin, bleomycin, and etoposide Methotrexate, dactinomycin, plicamycin, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, ifosfamide plus mesna1... 

Vinblastine is used in combination with other cytotoxic agents for the treatment of disseminated Hodgkin s disease stages III and IV, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, and advanced carcinoma of the testis. It has also been used for the treatment of bladder cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer. The usual adult dosage is 3-6 mg/m intravenously for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors and Hodgkin s disease (1,2). 

Sonne SB, Herlihy AS, Hoei-Hansen GE, et al. Identity of M2A (D2-40) antigen and gp36 (Aggtus, TlA-2, podoplanin) in human developing testis, testiculat carcinoma in sim and germ-cell tumors. Virchows Arch. 2006 Aug 449 200-206. 

Giwercman A, Andrews PW, Jorgensen N, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of embryonal marker TRA-1-60 in carcinoma in situ and germ cell tumors of the testis. Cancer. 1993 72 1308-1314. 

Giwercman A, Marks A, Bailey D, et al. A monoclonal antibody as a marker for carcinoma in situ germ cells of the human adult testis. APMIS. 1988 96 667-670. 

Jacobsen GK, Norgaard-Pedersen B. Placental alkaline phosphatase in testicular germ cell tumours and in carcinoma-in-situ of the testis. An immunohistochemical study. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [A]. 1984 92 323-329. 

Skakkebaek NE. Carcinoma in situ of the testis frequency and relationship to invasive germ cell tumours in infertile men. 

Ulbright TM, Young RH. Metastatic carcinoma to the testis a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 nonincidental cases with emphasis on deceptive features. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 32 1683. 

Kurman RJ, Norris HJ. Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary A clinicopathologic entity distinct from endodermal sinus tumor resembling embryonal carcinoma of the adult testis. Cancer. 1976 38 2420-2433. 

Furumoto M. Cellular localization of AFP, hCG and its free subunits, and SPl in embtyonal carcinoma of the testis and ovary. Pathol Res Pract. 1981 173 12-21. 

ReuberMD (1979) Interstitial cell carcinomas of the testis in Balb/C mace mice ingesting methoxychlor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 93 173-179... 

Vinblastine, with the commercial names Velbe , Velban and Vinblastine , is used alone and as a component of combined regimens with other anticancer drugs in the treatment of Hodgkin s disease and other lymphomas, in advanced carcinoma of the testis, in Kaposi s sarcoma and histiocytosis X. It can also be used in the treatment of breast carcinoma and choriocarcinoma. The use of vinblastine is mainly limited by its hematological toxicity due to destruction of the bone marrow [13-15]. 

In carcinoma of testis, vinblastine is given with bleomycin and cisplatin (95). 

Carcinoma of the Kidney and Testis, and Rare Urologic Malignancies... 

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