Testicular tumors germ-cell

Voorhoeve PM, le Sage C, Schrier M et al. A genetic screen implicates miRNA-372 and miRNA-373 as oncogenes in testicular germ cell tumors. Cell 2006 124 1169-1181. 

Vinblastine is used in combination with other cytotoxic agents for the treatment of disseminated Hodgkin s disease stages III and IV, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, and advanced carcinoma of the testis. It has also been used for the treatment of bladder cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer. The usual adult dosage is 3-6 mg/m intravenously for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors and Hodgkin s disease (1,2). 

Patients with malignant disease show increased LD activity in serum up to 70% of patients with fiver metastases and 20% to 60% of patients with other nonhepatic metastases have elevated total LD activity. Notably elevated LD-1 is observed in germ cell tumors (61% of cases), such as teratoma, seminoma of the testis, and dysgerminoma of the ovary. Patients with seminoma have a raised LD-1 m 63% of cases compared with 60% in nonseminoma cases. The percent of patients with increased LD-1 depended on the stage of the disease. LD-1 appeared to be a useful predictor of outcome in patients with testicular germ cell tumors. 

Marks A, Sutherland DR, Bailey D, et al. Gharacterization and distribution of an oncofetal antigen (M2A antigen) expressed on testicular germ cell tumors. Br J Cancer. 1999 80 569-578. 

Burke AP, Mostofi EK. Placental alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry of intratubular malignant germ cells and associated testicular germ cell tumors. Hum Pathol. 1988 19 663-670. 

FIGURE 16.42 Proposed model of pathogenetic steps in germ cell tumor. (Adapted from Sandberg AA, Meloni AM, Suijkerbuijk RF. Reviews of chromosome studies in urological tumors. III. Cytogenetics and genes in testicular tumors. I UroL 1996,155 1531.)... 

Hoei-Hansen CE, Nielsen JE, Almstrup K, et al. Transcription factor AP-2gamma is a developmentally regulated marker of testicular carcinoma in situ and germ cell tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 10 8521. 

Balzer BL, Ulbright TM. Spontaneous regression of testicular germ cell tumors an analysis of 42 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006 30 858. 

Suijkerbuijk RE, Sinke RJ, Melon AM, et al. Overrepresentation of chromosome 12p sequences and karyotypic evolution in i(12p)-negative testicular germ-cell tumors revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1993 70 85. 

Reuter VE. Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors. Mod Pathol. 2005 18 (suppl)2 S51. 

Eid H, Institoris E, Geczi L, Bodrogi I, Bak M. Mdm-2 Expression in Human Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors and its Clinical Value. Anticancer Res. 1999 19 3485. 

Dimov ND, Zynger DL, Luan C, et al. Topoisomerase II alpha expression in testicular germ cell tumors. Urology. 2007 69 955. 

L Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) hepatomarnonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors... 

Bleomycin is highly effective against germ cell tumors of the testis and ovary. In testicular cancer it is curative when used with cisplatin and vinblastine or cisplatin and etoposide. It is used as a component of the standard ABVD regimen for Hodgkin s disease. Bleomycin also is given intrapleurally (60 U)for malignant pleural effusions. 

CRYPTORCHIDISM Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum, affects up to 3% of fuU-term male infants, becoming less prevalent with advancing postnatal age. Cryptorchid testes have defective spermatogenesis and are at increased risk for developing germ cell tumors. Hence, the current approach is to reposition the testes as early as possible, typically at 1 year of age but definitely before 2 years of age. The local actions of androgens stimulate descent of the testes thus, hCG can be used to induce testicular descent if the cryptorchidism is not secondary to anatomical blockage. Therapy usually consists of injections of hCG (3000 lU/m body surface area) intramuscularly every other day for 6 doses. 

McGlynn KA, Devesa SS, Sigurdson AJ, et al. Trends in the incidence of testicular germ cell tumors in the United States. Cancer 2003 97 63-70. 

Wilms tumor, Ewing s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, gestational choriocarcinoma, testicular tumors, lymphomas, melanomas Breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, thyroid cancers oat cell cancer of the lung Testicular, ovarian germ cell cancers, small-cell lung cancer, acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia... 

Unlabeled Uses Adrenocortical, bladder, cervical, endometrial, prostatic, testicular carcinomas Ewing s sarcoma multiple sclerosis non-small cell, small cell lung cancer organ transplant rejection osteosarcoma ovarian germ cell, primary brain, trophoblastic tumors rheumatoid arthritis soft tissue sarcomas systemic dermato-myositis systemic lupus erythematosus Wilms tumor... 

The second most common tumor in LE is testicular germ cell cancer [43], and these patients usually harbor antibodies to the Ma2 protein. Antibodies to Ma2 antigen alone are usually associated with testicular cancer. Similar to many other onconeural antibodies, Ma2 is associated with clinical multi-focality. Many patients have symptoms of brain stem and hypothalamic dysfunction, and only one-fourth of Ma2 positive patients exhibit classical LE [45]. Patients with antibodies to the major antigen Ma2 and antibodies to Mai or Ma3 have different tumors [43, 46], and are more likely to have additional neurological signs [45],... 

Bid H, Geczi L, Magori A, et al. Drug resistance and sensitivity of germ cell testicular tumors evaluation of clinical relevance of MDRl/Pgp, p53, and metallothionein (MT) proteins. Anticancer Res. 1998 18 3059. 

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