Embryonal carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC, gp200) Renal cell carcinoma (papillary carcinoma dear cell carcinoma) Parathyroid adenoma, breast carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma Renal proximal tubular brush border, epididymal tubular epithelium, breast parenchyma, thyroid follides... 

Imidazole antimycotics, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are potent inhibitors of various cytochrome P450-isoenzymes that also affect the metabolism of retinoids. They were fust shown to inhibit the metabolism of RA in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. When tested in vitm liarazole, a potent CYP-inhibitor, suppressed neoplastic transformation and upregulated gap junctional communication in murine and human fibroblasts, which appeared to be due to the presence of retinoids in the serum component of the cell culture medium. Furthermore, liarazole magnified the cancer chemopreventive activity of RA and (3-carotene in these experiments by inhibiting RA-catabolism as demonstrated by absence of a decrease in RA-levels in the culture medium in the presence of liarazole over 48 h, whereas without liarazole 99% of RA was catabolized. In vivo, treatment with liarazole and ketoconazole reduced the accelerated catabolism of retinoids and increased the mean plasma all-irans-RA-concentration in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and other cancels. 

Embryonal carcinoma cell lines have also been established in culture from transplantable teratocarcinomas. The embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells present in the tumors actually differentiated, and give rise to a variety of different types of embiyonic and adult cells. When these EC cells are cultured, they still possess the... 

F9 embryonal carcinoma cells have a simple set of growth supplements which are required for growth in serum-free medium insulin, transferrin, and fibronectin (Rizzino and Sato, 1978). Fibronectin is a component of the extracellular matrix and facilitates the attachment of the cells to the culture dish. In addition, high density lipoprotein (HDL) has been observed to promote the growth of F9 cells serum-free. 

Rizzino, A.A. Sato, G. (1978). Growth of embryonal carcinoma cells in serum free medium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 1844-1848. 

Simeone, A., Acampora, D., Arcioni, L., Andrews, P. W., Boncinelli, E., and Mavilio, F. (1990). Sequential activation of HOX 2 homeobox genes by retinoic acid in human embryonal carcinoma cells. Nature 346 763-766. 

Advances in cell culture techniques have allowed the use of trophoblast cell cultures to evaluate the various transporter and metabolic systems of the placenta. Many studies have used primary cultures of undifferentiated cytotro-phoblasts isolated from placentas, whereas others have used trophoblast cell lines as a model. Trophoblast cell lines can be generated from normal tissues or malignant tissues and also from embryonal carcinomas exhibiting trophoblast differentiation [48],... 

Gastrointestinal, pancreas, biliary, lung, transitional cell, sweat glands, mucosal squamous cell, mucinous carcinomas of female GU tract, medullary carcinoma of thyroid Breast, squamous cell, endometrioid, Brenner tumor Renal cell, hepatocellular, prostate, follicular thyroid, adrenal cortical, serous carcinomas of female GU tract, embryonal, yolk sac, mesothelioma... 

Injection of zinc chloride solution into the testes of 49 Syrian hamsters resulted in areas of necrosis occupying about 25% of each testis two embryonal carcinomas of the testis were found 10 weeks later at necropsy/ There is no evidence that zinc compounds are carcinogenic after administration by any other route/... 

Guthrie J, Guthrie OA Embryonal carcinomas in Syrian hamsters after intratesticular inoculation of zinc chloride during seasonal testicular growth. Cancer Res 34 2612-2613, 1974... 

The implementation of animal test protocols in the 1980s has been accompanied by the development of a host of alternative methods to study adverse effects of chemicals on reproductive and developmental parameters. For example, rat whole embryo culture stems from the seventies (16), as does the rat limb bud organ culture (17) and rat limb bud and brain micromass was developed in the eighties (18). An elegant nonvertebrate alternative model used regeneration of polyps of Hydra atUnuata from dissociated cells (19). Animal-free in vitro alternatives include those employing the proliferation of a human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell line (20), the attachment of a mouse ovarian tumor cell line (21), and the differentiation of a neuroblastoma cell line (22) and a embryonal carcinoma cell line (23). Various overviews of methods have been published over the years (24). The predictability of... 

Kondo K, Tsuneizumi K, Watanabe T, Oishi M. Induction of in vivo differentiation of mouse embryonal carcinoma (F9) cells by inhibitors of topoisomerases. Cancer Res. 50, 5398-5404, 1991. 

As regards the function of this electronegative shield in some cell-types, membrane sialic acids prevent aggregation due to electrostatic repulsion in, for example, blood platelets, erythrocytes, and carcinoma cells in culture,418 whereas, in others, for example, chick, embryonic muscle-cells,422 aggregation is facilitated, most probably by Ca24 bridges. Sialic acid was also shown to be involved in the attachment both of endothelium and epithelium to glomerular basement-membranes of rat kidney.423... 

Hennemann H, Schwarz J, Willecke K Characterization of gap junction genes expressed in F9 embryonic carcinoma cells Molecular cloning of mouse connexin31 and -45 cDNAs. Eur J Cell Biol 1992a 57 51-58. 

Levin et al. (1987), in a letter to the editor, described three cases of embryonal-cell carcinoma of the testis in workers at one leather tannery in the United States. According to the authors, all the tanneries they had surveyed used dimethylformamide, as well as a wide range of dyes and solvents. A screening effort to identify additional testicular cancers at the leather tannery with the three cases was undertaken in 1989 (Calvert et al., 1990). Fifty-one of 83 workers employed at the plant between 1975 and 1989 participated. No additional case of testicular cancer was identified. 

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