Endodermal sinus tumor

Pure or mixed mediastinal germ cell tumors with semi-nomatous, embryonal carcinomatous, endodermal sinus tumor, and choriocarcinomatous elements all have the potential to arise in the mediastinum or involve it meta-statically. 96,132-136 Immunohistology is often indispensable for characterizing such neoplasms, especially... 

Truong LD, Harris L, Mattioli G, et al. Endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum A report of seven cases and review of the literature. Cancer. 1986 58 730-739. 

Kurman RJ, Norris HJ. Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary. A clinical and pathologic analysis of 71 cases. Cancer. 1976 38 2404-2419. 

Prat J, Bhan AK, Dicketsin GR, et al. Hepatoid yolk sac tumot of the ovary (endodermal sinus tumor with hepatoid diffeten-tiation) A light microscopic, ulttasttuctutal and immunohistochemical study of seven cases. Cancer. 1982 50 2355-2368. 

Zirker TA, Silva EG, Morris M, et al. Immunohistochemical differentiation of clear-cell carcinoma of the female genital tract and endodermal sinus tumor with the use of alpha-fetoprotein and Leu-Ml. Am J Clin Pathol. 1989 91 511-514. 

Kurman RJ, Norris HJ. Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary A clinicopathologic entity distinct from endodermal sinus tumor resembling embryonal carcinoma of the adult testis. Cancer. 1976 38 2420-2433. 

Endodermal sinus tumors are foimd in women at a median age of 18 years, often diffuse peritoneal dissemination is already present at the time of diagnosis... 

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) have been helpful in recognizing preoperatively the presence of an endodermal sinus tumor, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, or a mixed germ cell tumor. 

Malignant germ cell tumors comprise, in order of decreasing frequency, dysgerminomas, immature teratomas, endodermal sinus tumors, and embryonal and nongestational choriocarcinomas. The latter three are extremely rare. In these patients, tumor markers may be helpful for assessing response and tumor recmrence. Endodermal sinus tumors secrete AFP. Embryonal carcinomas can secrete both AFP and HCG, whereas pure choriocarcinomas secrete only HCG [4]. 

Tang Z, Xe S, Singh Khatri Chhetri K, Qi X. Intracranial endodermal sinus tumors associated with growth hormone replacement therapy in a girl case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2012 9(l) 49-53. 

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