Bursting

Burst load This is the internal pressure the casing will be exposed to during operations... 

The evolution of the defects is only acceptable if the materials are sufficiently ductile. Prior study of the acoustic emission of the materials used should show that detection of defects and their evolution take place at pressures with a sufficiently wide margin relative to the burst pressure. 

Afterwards, the vessels were pressurized according a proof test and a burst test with acoustic emission measurements. Acoustic emission data recorded during these tests are analysed in order to determine assessment criteria. The criteria are mainly based on ... 

In order to confirm the capability of acoustic emission to detect the evolution of a defect during a pneumatic test, a vessel with a lack of thickness due to the action of corrosion was pressurized pneumatically until burst. 

The high level of amplitude (> 60 dB) of these AE events indicated the presence of a evolving defect. After this proof test, the vessel was pressurized until burst. All along this test the activity of acoustic emission was very important, and divided in two phasis. 

But the events located in this part of the vessel are characterized by small amplitude and energy instead events located in the bottom of the vessel. The burst occurated at 64 bars in the defect. 

Calculations of mutual locations of poles and zeros for these TF models allow to trace dynamics of moving of the parameters (poles and zeros) under increasing loads. Their location regarding to the unit circle could be used for prediction of stability of the system (material behavior) or the process stationary state (absence of AE burst ) [7]. 

In testing materials with high sound damping, the burst transmitter increases the signal-to-noise ratio to, typically, 12 dB. Typical applications honeycomb and concrete components, and air-coupled testing. 

For special applications such as air coupled testing a special programmable transmitter board was developed. This transmitter generates rectangular and burst signals, which increase the acoustical power in an optimized frequency range, and provides a superior signal-to-noise ratio. 

Since attenuation and porosity are related, traditional porosity determination in composites is performed as attenuation measurements using ultrasonic tone burst through-transmission. 

During the attenuation measurements. Transducer 1 was excited with a narrowband tone burst with center frequency 18 MHz, see Figure 1 for a schematic setup. The amplitude of the sound pressure was measured at Tranducer 2 by means of an amplitude peak detector. A reference amplitude, Are/, was measured outside the object as shown at the right hand side of Figure 1. The object was scanned in the j y-plane and for every position, (x, y), the attenuation, a x, y), was calculated as the quotient (in db) between the amplitude at Transducer 2, A[x, y), and Are/, i.e., a(x,y) = lOlogm Pulse echo measurements and preprocessing... 

For an understandmg of pulsed excitation of spin ensembles it is of fiindamental importance to realize that radiation pulses actually contain ranges of frequencies A burst of monocln-omatic microwaves at frequency... 

The statistics of the detected photon bursts from a dilute sample of cliromophores can be used to count, and to some degree characterize, individual molecules passing tlirough the illumination and detection volume. This can be achieved either by flowing the sample rapidly through a narrow fluid stream that intersects the focused excitation beam or by allowing individual cliromophores to diffuse into and out of the beam. If the sample is sufficiently dilute that... 

Keiier R A 1998 Singie-moiecuie identification in flowing sampie streams by fluorescence burst size and intraburst fluorescence decay rate Anal. Chem. 70 1444-51... 

Intennittency, in tire context of chaotic dynamical systems, is characterized by long periods of nearly periodic or Taminar motion interspersed by chaotic bursts of random duration [28]. Witliin tliis broad phenomenological... 

The simulation (Lu et al., 1998) suggested how Ig domains achieve their chief design requirement of bursting one by one when subjected to external forces. At small extensions, the hydrogen bonds between strands A and B and between strands A and G prevent significant extension of a domain, i.e.. 

Alkanes spontaneously burst into flame in the presence of elemental fluonne The reaction that takes place between pentane and F2 gives CF4 and HE as the only products... 

Liquids examined by FAB are introduced into the mass spectrometer on the end of a probe inserted through a vacuum lock in such a way that the liquid lies in the target area of the fast atom or ion beam. There is a high vacuum in this region, and there would be little point in attempting to examine a solution of a sample in one of the commoner volatile solvents such as water or dichloromethane because it would evaporate extremely quickly, probably as a burst of vapor when introduced into the vacuum. Therefore it is necessary to use a high-boiling solvent as the matrix material, such as one of those listed in Table 13.1. 

Permanent chemical crimp can be obtained by creating an asymmetric arrangement of the skin and the core parts of the fiber cross section. Skin cellulose is more highly ordered than core cellulose and shrinks more on drying. If, during filament formation in the spin bath, the skin can be forced to burst open to expose fresh viscose to the acid, a fiber with differing shrinkage potential from side-to-side is made, and crimp should be obtained (Fig. 5a). 

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