Protoplast-bursting activity

Many of these peptidolipids have amphiphilic properties. This is illustrated by the protoplast-bursting activity of surfactin (93) or by the strong lysing activity of iturin A (but not iturin C) and bacillomycin L on erythrocytes (166), or the disruption of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli by EM 49 (152). Likewise antibiotics of the iturin group increased the size of small unilamellar vesicles of saturated lecithins (167). Differences in the balance between the hydrophobicity of the hydrocarbon chain and the polarity of the peptide moiety might explain the differences of action of iturin A, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin on Micrococcus luteus cells and protoplasts (168). 

By screening more than 100 strains of Gram positive bacteria for the presence of compounds with surfactant activity, a protoplast-bursting... 

Figure 6. Dynamics of free diffusion of pa-GFP in a live protoplast. Five selected IP-transmission fluorescence images of a tobacco BY-2 protoplast expressing pa-GFP (A) at the onset of the experiment before activation, (B) during 2P-activation of pa-GFP, and (C-E) after 2P-activation were taken at the time points indicated. (A) Before 2P-activation of pa-GFP in the nucleus (dotted line) the average fluorescence intensity is barely detectable. 2P-activation of pa-GFP was initiated with a fs-laser burst of 3 s covering an area of 7 x 8 p,m with 4 parallel laser foci (10 mW at 800 nm per focus). (B) Shortly after photo-activation a strong fluorescence signal was detected and (C-E) the diffusion of photo-activated pa-GFP from the nucleus into the cytoplasm was monitored until equilibrium of partitioning between the two cellular compartments was reached. Fluorescence intensity scales are shown in each panel to the left.

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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