Bursting phenomena

While the major application of albumin microspheres is in the area of chemotherapy, there have been studies reporting the release of such varied compounds as 1-norgestrel (97), insulin (98), and hematoporphyrins (99) from bovine serum albumin, and the antibacterial sulfadiazine from ovalbumin (100). In general, burst phenomena are found for all systems studied. However, the results from the insulin study are worthy of note in that blood glucose levels were depressed for more than 14 days following the administration of insulin-containing BSA microspheres to diabetic rats. The smaller microspheres were absorbed by day 28 and the larger particles by day 56. 

The studies of RNase Aand cytochrome c (Qi etal., 1998 Sosnick etal., 1997) show that caution is required in interpreting burst phenomena in protein folding. However, they do not require a reinterpretation of the cases in which the molten globule character of the burst-intermediate has been established (Arai and Kuwajima, 2000 Chamberlain and Marqusee, 2000). 

The starting point for our analysis of bursting phenomena in pancreatic /3-cells is the following model suggested by Sherman et al. [53] ... 

Carpenter, G.A. 1979. Bursting phenomena in excitable membranes. SIAM J. AppL Math. 36 334-72. 

Rinzel, J. W.C. Troy. 1982. Bursting phenomena in a simplified Oregonator flow system model. J. Chem. Phys. 76 1775-89. 

After nearly two decades of research, it is now generally accepted that mechanical damage of freely suspended cells is due to bubble hydrodynamics, in particular the bubble-bursting phenomena at Ihe headspace gas-liquid interface (Handa et al., 1987 Tramper et al., 1987 Handa-Corrigan et al., 1989 Oh et al., 1989,... 

Modeling Front Pattern Formation and Intermittent Bursting Phenomena in the Couette Flow Reactor... 

Rao KN, Narasimha R, Narayanan B (1971) The bursting phenomenon in a turbulent boundary layer. J Fluid Mech 48 339-352... 

Jackson, R. G. (1976). Sedimentological and fluid-dynamic implications of the turbulent bursting phenomenon in geophysical flows. J. Fluid Mech. Tt, 531-560. 

Above reaction usually occurs under following conditions, e.g., unsealed explosive device, no booster, incomplete detonation reaction, such reaction may produce half-burst phenomenon and release a large amount of N2O. The reaction of nitroglycerine without any condition above can be described as follows ... 

Blackwelder, R.F. and Eckelmann, H., Streamwise Vortices Associated with the Bursting Phenomenon, J. Fluid Mech. (1979), 577. 

In this section, we study the robustness of the intermittent bursting phenomenon observed in Section 4.1.2 with symmetric feeding, when considering the following form of the slow manifold [64] ... 

Another method of pilocarpine release is the use of a thin laminate of hydrophile polymers inserted in the conjunctiva cul-de-sac. This pilocarpine Ocusert system releases pilocarpine at a constant pre-determined rate. The sustained-release system, providing such advantages as maximum duration of pressure control, less round-the-clock pressure variation, use of smaller drug concentrations with decrease of ocular and systemic side effects, also has some disadvantages one problem is the burst phenomenon, in which there is a large initial release of pilocarpine after insertion, resulting in severe miosis and ciliary body spasm. Up to the present several cases of loss of device and 8 -formation, comeal erosion, subconjunctival bleeding and displacement to the pupil have been reported. 

Inflammatory cell phenomenon are also contributors to lipid peroxidation. Activated neutrophils may adhere to damaged endothelium and amplify traumatic, ischaemic or ischaemia-reperfiision injury. Many cyclooxygenase products of the metabolism of atachidonic acid modulate the inflammatory responses of cells. Macrophages, neutrophils and microglia are important sources of reactive oxygen at the injury site. When activated, they produce a respiratory burst that is traced to activated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH/NADH) oxidase. 

Check the static instabilities by steady-state correlations, to avoid or alleviate the primary phenomenon of a potential static instability, namely, boiling crisis, vapor burst, flow pattern transition, and the physical conditions that extend the static instability into repetitive oscillations. 

Exit of the virus from the cell occurs as a result of cell lysis. The phage codes for a lytic enzyme, the T4 lysozyme, which causes an attack on the peptidoglycan of the host cell. The burst size of the virus (the average number of phage particies per cell) depends upon how rapidly lysis occurs. If lysis occurs early, then a smaller burst size occurs, whereas slower lysis leads to a higher burst size. The wild type phage exhibits the phenomenon of lysis inhibition, and therefore has a large burst size, but rapid lysis mutants, in which lysis occurs early, show smaller burst sizes. 

Studied in both an experimental and theoretical manner. The link between glycolytic oscillations and the pulsatile secretion of insulin in pancreatic p cells [53] is another topic of current concern. Models for the latter phenomenon rely on the coupling between intracellular metabolic oscillations and an ionic mechanism generating action potentials. Such coupling results in bursting oscillations of the membrane potential, which are known to accompany insulin secretion in these cells [54, 55]. 

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