Burst time

It is seen from Fig. 20 that the injection flux significantly affects the critical burst time. If the samples are... 

Figure 20 Calculated critical burst time /< as function of the halved sample thickness.

Fig. 24. Comparison of effect of viscosity ratio on reduced burst time for rotational and irro-tational shear fields [76]...

Figure 14.10 illustrates the method of seismic prospecting on land by what is known as reflection shooting. A hole usually 10 to 12 cm in diameter is drilled to a depth of 15 to 30 m. The charge of explosive is likely to be 5 to 12-5 kg and the stemming used is usually water. As the explosive must fire under a depth of water which may exceed 45 m, special varieties of gelatines are employed (see p. 53). Alternatively, a powder explosive can be sealed into pressure-resistant metal containers. Special detonators are also employed, not only to withstand the possible head of water, but also to have a specially short bursting time (see p. 113). 

Eastman Kodak Fuze Chronograph (Infrared Burst Time Indicator) described as Test 110 of MIL-STD-331, p 5... 

Fig 1, Photoelectric Cell Impulse Tube in Aberdeen Fuze Chronograph Fig 2, Recorder-Aberdeen Fuze Chronograph Fig 3, Mirror Mound - Jefferson Fuze Chronograph Fig 4, Tripod Assembly - Burst Time Indicator and Fig 5, Control and Indicator Assembly -Burst Time Indicator... 

The integral of Eq. (25.5), from the start of the current until bridge burst time. 

The integral above in eq. (25.7) is called the burst action and is designated as Gb it is the area under the curve of current squared versus time, from the start of the current pulse up to burst time. This is shown in Figure 25.5. 

A theoretical approach to calculate the burst time from an osmotically active spherical capsule, which depended on the initial radius, wall thickness, osmotic pressure of the contents, and the material of the capsule, has been presented. This approach assumed that the spherical core increases in size upon osmotic water influx, leading to an elongation of the membrane until a certain yield stress is reached to rupture it. The rate of volume increase was described by the following equation ... 

When Nj > 2Ni, the burst time tg is proportional to Zq. But if N2 < 2N, the bursting time becomes sensitive to the other values. 

Burst time The time from absorption to release of phages (in the rephcation process). 

A Kaman pulsed neutron source was used, located in the reflector adjacent to the core,- with the target positioned at the center of one face. Scintillators of b" + ZnS(Ag) detected the leakage flux, and the pulse output was oteerved with a 256-channel analyzer. Some measurements were made with miniature BFj counters inserted in the core proper. Detectors were positioned to achieve maximum siqspresslan of higher mode contamination. Neutron bursts were about 10 ftsec long, and only data taken more than about 1.3 msec from the burst time were considered. 

Principle Wave Velocity Avg. Carrier Frequency Wavelength Avg. Burst Time... 

Our measurements were refined to the point that we also had to consider the finite time of flight from the sample to the ionizer, the velocity distribution of the gas, and the time of flight of the ions created in the ionizer through the mass filter to the detector. Briefly, to obtain unambiguous results it was necessary to measure the gas burst time distributions at two... 

Steiner, K.C. 1979. Patterns of variation in bud-burst timing among populations in several Finns species. Silvae Genet. 28 185-194. 

Another important parameter of the droplet breakup process is the time necessary for the interfacial-driven instabilities to cause breakup, tb, when the actual capillary number exceeds the critical capillary number. Grace (1982) provided this information in Figure 6.21 for Newtonian fluids. Note that the dimensionless burst time is denoted as which is equal to tb/r, where r is the time scale of the bursting process and it is equal to Rp-Jy- For example, for a polymer blend with p = 0.1,)/ = 10 mN/m, / = 10 qm, Pc = 1.000 Pa s, and Ca/Cac — 10, the dimensionless burst time is 11, and the time scale is equal to 1 s. Thus, the burst time, tb, is equal to 11 s. 

Interfacial driven disturbances on a Newtonian thread embedded in a Newtonian matrix are briefly discussed next. An initially long cylindrical thread with midsection radius Ro is sinusoidally disturbed by a wave of interfacial tension origin as shown in Figure 6.24a. Without going into the details of the analysis we note that the burst time (Elmendorp, 1991) is given as... 

Calculate the dimensionless and the actual burst time for a cylindrical thread of radius 5 im, viscosity ratio 1, and interfacial tension 10 mN/m submerged in a Newtonian fluid of viscosity 100 Pa s. What is the dimensionless burst time forp = 0.1 ... 

Solution. The time scale of the bursting process is t = RoIJ c/y = s. = 0.07 at p = 1 from Figure 6.24b. The amplitude of the distortion that leads to burst is usually considered to be 0.3% of the initial radius of the midsection. Then Eq. 6.196 gives the dimensionless burst time as... 

Using Figure 6.20, the critical capillary number for p = 1 and shear flow is equal to 0.79. The actual capillary number in the flight clearance is 55, so that the actual value of Ca exceeds the critical value 69 times. The dimensionless burst time for that ratio of capillary munbers is calculated using Figure 6.21 to be at least 2 (in this figure there is no entry for p= 1, so that the corresponding value for viscosity ratio of 0.107 is used as the lower limit). The time scale of the burst... 

So, the total length of the thread will be 160 o.m and its radius 1.25 o.m. This thread will be subjected to end-pinching and capillary instability. The burst time due to the capillary instability is calculated as in Example 6.12. It is equal to 4 s, while the mean residence time in the extruder is 138 s. Thus, the final morphology will include finer droplets of the dispersed phase. ... 

The electrochemical effect was evaluated by measuring the burst time of the cell. Electrochemical swelling and burst of the cells occurred in the potential range below 0.0 V. In contrast, no appreciable swelling or bursting of the cells was observed in the potential range above 0.0 V. It took 24 min until the cell burst at -0.1 V. At -0.8 V, HeLa cells burst after approximately 2 min. Thus, the elapsed time until cell burst depended markedly on the applied potential. Based on a platinum macroelectrode study, the pH at the interface of a platinum electrode, pH 5, became very alkaline (pH 10) at a potential below 0.0 V. 

Figure 3. Frequency dependence of the target cell-burst time under a +0.8 V to -0.8 V peak to peak rectangular wave potential.

Figure 3 shows the relation between frequency and cell burst time, which was shortest with a rectangular wave potential between -0.8 V and 0.8 V. At 500 Hz and at 0.05 Hz, target cell-burst was observed within about 2 min. At a frequency of 5 Hz, the HeLa cell-burst time was the shortest and required only a few seconds. 

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