Biochemistry of

The SWISS-PROT database [36] release 40.44 (February, 2003) contains over 120 000 sequences of proteins with more than 44 million amino adds abstracted from about 100 000 references. Besides sequence data, bibHographical references, and taxonomy data, there are highly valuable annotations of information (e.g., protein function), a minimal level of redundancy, and a high level of integration with other databases (EMBL, PDB, PIR, etc.). The database was initiated in 1987 by a partnership between the Department of Medicinal Biochemistry of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and the EMBL. Now SWISS-PROT is driven as a joint project of the EMBL and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). 

In Chapter 1 we saw that a major achievement of the first half of the twentieth cen tury was the picture of atomic and molecular structure revealed by quantum mechan ICS In this the last chapter we examine the major achievement of the second half of that century—a molecular view of genetics based on the structure and biochemistry of nucleic acids... 

A particular mode of neurotoxicity was discovered for tricresyl phosphate that correlated with the presence of the o-cresyl isomer (or certain other specific aLkylphenyl isomers) in the triaryl phosphates. Many details of the chemistry and biochemistry of the toxic process have been elucidated (139,140,143—146). The use of low ortho-content cresols has become the accepted practice in industrial production of tricresyl phosphate. Standard in vivo tests, usually conducted with chickens sensitive to this mode of toxicity, have been developed for premarket testing of new or modified triaryl phosphates. As of 1992, the EPA called for extensive new toxicity and environmental data on this group of products (147). The Vederal e ster AoQ xm. ci. calling for this... 

P. W. Wilson, The Biochemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Eixation, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis., 1940. 

G. C. Barett, Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids, Ch.2c m2is andHaH, London, NewYotk, 1985. 

Selenium also forms a large number of organic compounds. Of special interest are the oxidizing and reducing actions of selenium and its compounds. Chemical reactions are described in detail elsewhere (1 9). Organic reactions are reviewed in References 10 and 11. The organic chemistry and biochemistry of selenium is also available (12—16). 

N. Tngri, in G. Bendtz and I. Lindquist, eds.. Biochemistry of Silica and Related Compounds, Plenum Press, New York, 1978, p. 3. 

M. G. Voronkov, ia G. Bend2 and I. Liadqvist, eds., biochemistry of Silicon and belated Problems Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1977, p. 395. 

Free thiocyanic acid [463-56-9] HSCN, can be isolated from its salts, but is not an article of commerce because of its instabiHty, although dilute solutions can be stored briefly. Commercial derivatives of thiocyanic acid are principally ammonium, sodium, and potassium thiocyanates, as weU as several organic thiocyanates. The chemistry and biochemistry of thiocyanic acid and its derivatives have been reviewed extensively (372—374). 

J. Ganguly, Biochemistry of Vitamin A, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1989. 

P. E. Kolattukudy, Chemistry and biochemistry of Natural Waxes, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1976. 

J. A. Hudbut, The History, Uses, Occurrence, Analytical Chemisty, and Biochemistry of Beryllium, KFP-2132, Dow Chemical U.S.A., Golden, Colo., 1974, pp. 3—9. (Available from National Technical Information Service, TID-4500-R62). 

W. J. Leimar2, Biochemistry of Glycoproteins andProteogJycans, Plenum Press, New York, 1980. 

N. A. Eskin, H. M. Henderson, and R. J. Townsend, Biochemistry of Foods, Academic Press, New York, 1981 Code of Federal Regulations, Tide 21, Part 182, Subpart D, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1990. 

Several of these IFNs of mouse and human lymphocytes and fibroblasts are available commercially and have been best prepared in quantity by recombinant DNA procedures because they are produced in very small amounts by the cells. The commercial materials do not generally require further purification for their intended purposes. [Pestkas, Interferons and Interferon standards and general abbreviations. Methods Enzymol, Wiley Sons, 119 1986, ISBN 012182019X Lengyel, Biochemistry of interferons and their actions, Ann Bev Biochem 51 251-282 7982 De Maeyer and De Maeyer-Guignard, Interferons in The Cytokine Handbook, 3rd Edn, Thomson et al. Eds, pp. 491-516 7998 Academic Press, San Diego, ISBN 0126896623.]... 

Biophys 111 8 1965.] For biochemistry see Blakley Biochemistry of Folic Acid and Related Pteridines North Holland Publ Co, Amsterdam 1969 ]... 

Xanthopterin monohydrate (2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypteridine, 2-amino-pteridin-4,6(lff,5ff)-dione) [5979-01-1 (H2O), 119-48-8 (anhydr)] M 197.2, m <300", pK, 1.6 (basic), pKj 6.59 (acidic), PK3 9.31 (acidic)(anhydrous species), and pKj 1.6 (basic), pK2 8.65 (acidic), PK3 9.99 (acidic)(7,8-hydrated species). Purification as for isoxanthopterin. Crystd by acidifying an ammoniacal soln, and collecting by centrifugation followed by washing with EtOH, ether and drying at 100° in vacuo. Paper chromatography Rp 0.15 ( -PrOH, 1% aq NH3, 2 1), 0.36 ( -BuOH,AcOH, H2O, 4 1 1) and 0.47 (3% aq NH3). [Inoue and Perrin J Chem Soc 260 7962 Inoue Tetrahedron 20 243 I964 see also Blakley Biochemistry of Folic Acid and Related Pteridines North Holland Publ Co, Amsterdam 1969.]... 

The useful reviews of chemical and biological work on the tobacco alkaloids by Jackson,Roark, ( ) and Markwood issued in the United States have been referred to already and to these may be added that of Holman published in the United Kingdom, and the handbook of reference tables on the biochemistry of tobacco issued by Smirnov et al. in Russia. 

With the publication of several books on this subject [2-9] during the past 20 years, the pace of research on the biochemistry of the C-F bond has quickened, and many new investigators have joined the field This sechon presents an overview so that the reader can sense the flavor and excitement of research in this area and observe the directions of some of the significant invesngauons TTie most thorough and up-to-date coverage will be found in reference 9, from which much of the subsequent discussion has been drawn... 

Kirk, K L, Biochemistry of the Halogens, Vol II Biochemistry of Halogenated Organic Compounds Plenum New York, 1991 Peters, R A, Wakelm, R W, Buffa, P, Thomas, L C Proc Roy Soc (London), B1953,140, 497... 

Lennarz, W. J., 1980. The Biochemistry of Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans. New York Plenum Press. 

Vance, D. E., and Vance, J. E. (eds.), 1985. Biochemistry of Lipids and Membranes. Menlo Park, CA. Benjamin-Cnmmings. 

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