The biochemistry of manganese

The importance of manganese for bacteria, such as that of Ni and to a lesser extent Co, as we saw in the last chapter, is considerable. Of course, as we will see shortly, it is also important in the tetranuclear Mn cluster that is involved in oxygen production in photosynthetic plants, algae and cyanobacteria, as well as in a number of mammalian enzymes such as arginase and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Most of manganese biochemistry can be explained on the one hand by its redox activity, and on the other by its analogy to Mg2+ (reviewed in Yocum and Pecoraro, 1999). 

Biochemistry of Manganese Manganese in the Body Manganese Deficiency Zinc and Copper... 

Reviews are available on the physiology and biochemistry of manganese in mammals and... 

Coordination complexes, particularly chelates, play fundamental roles in the biochemistry of both plants and animals. Trace amounts of at least nine transition elements are essential to life—vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and molybdenum. 

H-A Chu, AP Nguyen and RJ Debus (1995) Amino acid residues that influence the binding of manganese or calcium to photosystem II 1. The lumenal interhelical domains of the D1 polypeptide. Biochemistry 34 5839-5858... 

Hochman Y and Carmeli C (1981) Correlation between the kinetics of activation and inhibition of ATPase activity by divalent metal ions and the binding of manganese to chloroplast coupling factor 1. Biochemistry 20, 6287-6292. 

Bulbring E, T omita T 1969 Effect of calcium, barium and manganese on the action of adrenaline in the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 172 121-136 Marchant JS, Taylor CW 1998 Rapid activation and partial inactivation of inositol trisphosphate receptors by inositol trisphosphate. Biochemistry 37 11524-11533 Somlyo AV, Horiuti K, Trentham DR, Kitazawa T, Somlyo AP 1992 Kinetics of Ca2+ release and contraction induced by photolysis of caged D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in smooth muscle the effects of heparin, procaine, and adenine nucleotides. J Biol Chem 267 22316-22322... 

We begin this overview of manganese biochemistry with a brief account of its role in the detoxification of free radicals, before considering the function of a dinuclear Mn(II) active site in the important eukaryotic urea cycle enzyme arginase. We then pass in review a few microbial Mn-containing enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism, and conclude with the very exciting recent results on the structure and function of the catalytic manganese cluster involved in the photosynthetic oxidation of water. 

Lin, Y. Nageswara Rao, B.D. Structural characterization of adenine nucleotides bound to Escherichia coli adenylate kinase. 2. P and C Relaxation measurements in the presence of cobalt(II) and manganese(ll). Biochemistry, 39, 3647-3655 (2000)... 

Keen CL, Lonnerdal B, Hurley LS (1984) Manganese. In Frieden E (ed) Biochemistry of the Essential Ultratrace Elements. Plenum, New York p 89-132... 

Heavy metals. The most common heavy-metal pollutants are arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and mercury. Some metals, such as manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, are essential micronutrients. Each type of heavy metal in its own way affects water ecosystem biochemistry and can accumulate in bottom deposits and in the biomass of living elements. 

Reading NS, Aust SD (2001) Role of disulfide bonds in the stability of recombinant manganese peroxidase. Biochemistry 40 8161-8168... 

Youngs HL, Gelpke MDS, Li DM et al (2001) The role of Glu39 in Mn-II binding and oxidation by manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochemistry 40 2243-2250... 

Meinike, C., Sole, A., Pospisil, P., Dau, H. (2000) does the structure of the water-oxidizing Photosystem II-Manganese complex at room temperature differ from its low-temperature structure A comparative X-ray absorption study, Biochemistry 39, (24)... 

Sutherland, G. R. J., Zapanta, S., Tien, M., and Aust, S. D., 1997, Role of calciimi in maintaining the heme environment of manganese peroxidase. Biochemistry 36 3654iB662. 

Y. Hsieh, Y. Guan, C. Tu, P.J. Bratt, A. Angerhofer, J.R. Lepock, M.J. Hickey, J.A. Tainer, H.S. Nick, and D.N. Silverman. 1998. Probing the active site of human manganese superoxide dismutase The role of glutamine 143 Biochemistry 37 4731-4739. (PubMed)... 

Perhaps the most important area of biochemistry in which ESR is used is the study of metalloproteins. Transition metals in certain oxidation and spin states have unpaired electrons, are paramagnetic, and in many cases are amenable to ESR spectroscopy. The most commonly found transition metals in biological systems are iron, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and manganese. The remainder, including metals such as vanadium and... 

Biochemistry of Magnesium Magnesium in the Body Magnesium Deficiency Manganese... 

Superaxide Dismutase (SOD). Manganese-dependent SOD is a mitochondrial enzyme and is an important factor in limiting oxygen toxicity it is one of the most studied enzymes in human biochemistry. The enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of the superoxide radical OJ to H2O2, which is then removed by catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The half-life of this enzyme in blood serum is longer than that of the cytoplasmic Cu, Zn SOD. 

The major role of manganese in biology is in oxygen production by photosynthetic plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. It is also involved in a number of mammalian enzymes like arginase and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and it also plays an important role in microbial metabolism. Most of manganese biochemistry can be... 

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