B lymphocyte chemoattractant

Balabanian, K., Foussat, A., Bouchet-Delbos, L., Couderc, J., Krzysiek, R., Amara, A., Baleux, F., Portier, A., Galanaud, P., and Fmilie, D. (2002) lnterleukin-10 modulates the sensitivity of peritoneal B lymphocytes to chemokines with opposite effects on stromal cell-derived factor-1 and B-lymphocyte chemoattractant. Blood, 99, 427-436. 

Chemokines in Leukocyte Trafficking CKs are thought to be centrally involved in leukocyte trafficking and not limited to attraction of monocytes by the CC family and neutrophils by the CXC family. Other functions of the CKs include expression of adhesion molecules, especially for the lymphocytes in both the migratory response and maturation and proliferation. The selective chemoattractant qualities shown by CKs explain the directed migration of each kind of leukocyte or even of subtypes of these cells (as T and B lymphocytes, perhaps even Thl and Th2). Several studies have shown that CC CKs attract T lymphocytes and that CD45R0, memory-phenotype cells are considered to be the main responders. The results, however, have often been contradictory, and the role of lymphocyte activation and proliferation is still unclear. The CC CKs MCP-2, MCP-3, RANTES, MIP-la, MIP-lp, and MCP-1 induce significant, dose-dependent transendothelial chemotaxis of... 

Youn, B. S., Zhang, S. M., Broxmeyer, H. E., Cooper, S., Antol, K., Fraser, M., and Kwon, B. S. (1998). Characterization of Ckb8 and Ckb8-1 two alternatively spliced forms of human b-chemokine, chemoattractants for neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, and potent agonists at CC chemokine receptor 1. Blood 91, 3118-3126. 

Stimulates B and T cell function Behaves as a potent chemoattractant for B lymphocytes induces a weak chemotactic response in T cells and macrophages Provides antimicrobial activity behaves as chemoattractant for immature dendritic cells and memory cells... 

Similar to Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2 Binds to CCR7 receptor chemoattracts T and B lymphocytes inhibits hematopoiesis... 

T cells inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors Chemoattracts T and B lymphocytes and myeloid progenitor cells Chemoattracts lymphocytes exhibits activity on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells Chemoattracts T cells and monocytes... 

Cyster That s a developmental biology question. There is a reinforcement of the compartments in the stromal development by the lymphocytes. B cells induce FDC maturation and increased expression of the B cell chemoattractant factor, so there is a positive feedback. They don t dictate the initial pattern. The guess is that this will have been set by very early inductive events, such as homeobox-t3rpe patterning. 

The CC chemokines are chemoattractants for monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells, basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils (1-3). The CC chemokines have been found to be produced by an array of cells including monocytes, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, eosinophils, mast cells, T cells, B cells, NK cells, keratinocytes, mesangial cells, epithelial cells, hepato-cytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, mesothelial cells, and endothelial cells (1-3). These cells can produce CC chemokines in response to a variety of factors, including viruses, bacterial products, IL-1, TNF, C5a, LTB4, and IFNs, and appear to be significantly susceptible to suppression by IL-10 (1-3). 

The recently described chemokines ELC and SLC are specifically chemoattractive for lymphocytes and not other leukocyte subpopulations (55). Both are functional ligands for CCR7 (10,56), a receptor formerly known as EBIl (40,41). CCR7 is selectively expressed on activated T and B lymphocytes and is strongly upregulated upon Epstein-Barr virus infection of Burkitt s lymphoma cells (40). 

CXCR4 is widely expressed in different blood cell types including B-cells, T-cells, and monocytes (seeTable 4.1). In addition, expression of this receptor has been described in non-immune cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells (307). SDF-la was originally isolated from bone marrow stroma and it has been shown that it supports the proliferation on B-cell progenitors (310). Subsequent studies demonstrate that SDF-la is also a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes and monocytes. Unlike other chemokines, SDF-la is constitu-tively expressed and is not regulated by proin-flammatory cytokines (307,311). 

Regulates the trafficking and activation state of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and NK cells chemoattracts B cells, eosinophils, and dendritic cells Chemoattracts neutrophils inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors... 

Chemoattractants and their receptors precisely orchestrate the primary migration of developing lymphocytes into and out of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and the organization of second immune anatomic strucmre within the SLO such as B cell follicles and germinal centers (1-3). Many draining lymph nodes (LN) are located at sites superficially under the skin. They are well-compartmentalized structures with specific microenvironments for lymphocytes. Many lymphocytes reside only temporarily within lymph nodes since they continually recirculate between the blood and the lymph. Most human and mouse lymphocytes enter... 

Loetscher P, Seitz M, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B. The monocyte chemo-tactic proteins, MCP-1, MCP-2, and MCP-3, are major chemoattractants for human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. FASEB J 1994 8 1055-1060. 

Nagira M, Imai T, Yoshida R, Takagi S, Iwasaki M, Baba M, Tabira Y, Akagi J, Nomiyama H, Yoshie O. A lymphocyte-specific CC chemokine, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine, SLC, is a highly efficient chemoattractant for B cells and activated T cells. Eur J Immunol 1998 28 1516-1523. 

SDF-1 was initially cloned by a signal sequence trap strategy to detect polypeptides secreted from bone marrow stromal cells. Such cells are known to be essential in hematopoiesis and thus the secreted factors are potentially of great import. Later, SDF-1 was demonstrated to be a significant growth factor for pre-B cells, a chemoattractant for CD34 stem cells, and a chemoattractant for lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro. 

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